The DOI matches its Crossref record; 50 of the 50 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Selective Bilateral Amygdala Lesions in Rhesus Monkeys Fail to Disrupt Object Reversal Learning
Open accessAbstract
Neuropsychological studies in nonhuman primates have led to the view that the amygdala plays an essential role in stimulus–reward association. The main evidence in support of this idea is that bilateral aspirative or radiofrequency lesions of the amygdala yield severe impairments on object reversal learning, a task that assesses the ability to shift choices of objects based on the presence or absence of food reward (i.e., reward contingency). The behavioral effects of different lesion techniques, however, can vary. The present study therefore evaluated the effects of selective, excitotoxic lesions of the amygdala in rhesus monkeys on object reversal learning. For comparison, we tested the same monkeys on a task known to be sensitive to amygdala damage, the reinforcer devaluation task. Contrary to previous results based on less selective lesion techniques, monkeys with complete excitotoxic amygdala lesions performed object reversal learning as quickly as controls. As predicted, however, the same operated monkeys were impaired in making object choices after devaluation of the associated food reinforcer. The results suggest two conclusions. First, the results demonstrate that the amygdala makes a selective contribution to stimulus–reward association; the amygdala is critical for guiding object choices after changes in reward value but not after changes in reward contingency. Second, the results implicate a critical contribution to object reversal learning of structures nearby the amygdala, perhaps the subjacent rhinal cortex.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“As illustrated in Figure 3A (pink), monkeys with bilateral amygdala lesions typically fail to show the devaluation effect or show it only in a strongly attenuated form.”
From Localization of Dysfunction in Major Depressive Disorder: Prefrontal Cortex and Amygdala (2011) · cites this paper as [75]
In the citing paper
“Intact, control monkeys tend to avoid choosing objects associated with the devalued food, a finding called the ‘devaluation effect’.”
From Localization of Dysfunction in Major Depressive Disorder: Prefrontal Cortex and Amygdala (2011) · cites this paper as [75]
In the citing paper
“The monkeys chose objects according to their original preferences, with less influence of their selectively satiated state than in intact monkeys.”
From Localization of Dysfunction in Major Depressive Disorder: Prefrontal Cortex and Amygdala (2011) · cites this paper as [75]
In the citing paper
“The same groups of operated monkeys showed little or no change in food preferences and worked for food like control monkeys.”
From Localization of Dysfunction in Major Depressive Disorder: Prefrontal Cortex and Amygdala (2011) · cites this paper as [75]
In the citing paper
“The red curve in Figure 4A illustrates that selective bilateral amygdala lesions have no effect on learning these object-reward reversals (75, 91).”
From Localization of Dysfunction in Major Depressive Disorder: Prefrontal Cortex and Amygdala (2011) · cites this paper as [75]
In the citing paper
“Some monkeys received bilateral PFo ablations (blue) and others received a crossed surgical disconnection (green) of the amygdala and PFo (a unilateral amygdala lesion in one hemisphere along with unilateral PFo lesion in the other hemisphere, combined with section of the forebrain commissures). In all lesion groups, the devaluation effect was markedly attenuated.”
From Localization of Dysfunction in Major Depressive Disorder: Prefrontal Cortex and Amygdala (2011) · cites this paper as [75]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Preliminary analysis of functions of the temporal lobes in monkeys
KLÜVER, H. (1939) · Archives of Neurology And Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archneurpsyc.1939.02270240017001 · Cited by 1,696 · cited 4×
“Although abnormal food “preferences” follow large, nonselective lesions that include the amygdala (Klüver and Bucy, 1939; Pribram and Bagshaw, 1953; Weiskrantz, 1956) (see also Baylis and Gaffan, 1991), these altered preferences likely reflect the flattening of choices between foods and nonfoods, or between preferred…”
InfluentialNeurons in the orbitofrontal cortex encode economic value
Padoa-Schioppa, C., & Assad, J. A. (2006) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature04676 · Cited by 1,598
Relative reward preference in primate orbitofrontal cortex
Tremblay, L., & Schultz, W. (1999) · Nature · doi:10.1038/19525 · Cited by 1,314
Rolls, E. T. (1998) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198524649.001.0001 · Cited by 1,314
Multiple Parallel Memory Systems in the Brain of the Rat
White, N. M., & McDonald, R. J. (2002) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1006/nlme.2001.4008 · Cited by 933
Limbic lesions and the problem of stimulus--reinforcement associations.
Jones, B., & Mishkin, M. (1972) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/0014-4886(72)90030-1 · Cited by 864
Behavioral changes associated with ablation of the amygdaloid complex in monkeys.
Weiskrantz, L. (1956) · Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0088009 · Cited by 837
Wallis, J. D., & Miller, E. K. (2003) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1046/j.1460-9568.2003.02922.x · Cited by 614
Izquierdo, A., Suda, R. K., & Murray, E. A. (2004) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1921-04.2004 · Cited by 588
Self-citationBaxter, M. G., Parker, A., Lindner, C. C. C., Izquierdo, A. D., & Murray, E. A. (2000) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.20-11-04311.2000 · Cited by 582
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 4
- Baxter, 1998, Aspiration lesions of the amygdala interrupt connections between prefrontal cortex and temporal cortex in rhesus monkeys, Soc Neurosci Abstr, 24, 757
- Izquierdo, 2004, Mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus contributes to reinforcer devaluation effects in rhesus monkeys, Soc Neurosci Abstr, 30, 84
- Munoz, 2001, Medial temporal removals disconnect rostral superior temporal gyrus from frontal cortex, Soc Neurosci Abstr, 27, 535
- Murray EA (1992) in The amygdala: neurobiological aspects of emotion, memory, and mental dysfunction, Medial temporal lobe structures contributing to recognition memory: the amygdaloid complex versus the rhinal cortex, ed Aggleton JP (Wiley, New York), pp 453–470.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–121 of 121
Algermissen, J., Rascu, M., Weber, L. A. E., den Boer, T., Martin, E. M., Treeby, B. E., Gray, M. D., Cleveland, R. O., Wittmann, M. K., Clarke, W. T., et al. (2026) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2026.03.009 · Cited by 11
Basolateral amygdala dopamine transmits emotional salience
Brickner, M. A., Szot, W. E., Wolff, A. R., Thomas, M. J., & Saunders, B. T. (2026) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-026-74226-2 · Cited by 9
Effects of systemic cholinergic antagonism on reinforcer devaluation in macaques
Waguespack, H. F., Málková, L., Forcelli, P. A., & Turchi, J. N. (2018) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2018.05.003 · Cited by 7
Single-Neuron Correlates of Decision Confidence in the Human Medial Temporal Lobe
Unruh-Pinheiro, A., Hill, M. R., Weber, B., Boström, J. P., Elger, C. E., & Mormann, F. (2020) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2020.09.021 · Cited by 8
Attention to Stimuli of Learned versus Innate Biological Value Relies on Separate Neural Systems
Kaskan, P. M., Nicholas, M. A., Dean, A. M., & Murray, E. A. (2022) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0925-22.2022 · Cited by 9
Self-citationAmygdala lesions in rhesus monkeys fail to disrupt object choices based on internal context.
Rhodes, S. E. V., Charles, D. P., Howland, E. J., & Murray, E. A. (2012) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/a0027229 · Cited by 5
Self-citationTakahashi, Y. K., Zhang, Z., Kahnt, T., & Schoenbaum, G. M. (2025) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/bne0000633 · Cited by 4
Contribution of amygdala to dynamic model arbitration under uncertainty
Woo, J. H., Costa, V. D., Taswell, C. A., Rothenhoefer, K. M., Averbeck, B. B., & Soltani, A. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-66745-1 · Cited by 3
Two-item same/different discrimination in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta)
Basile, B. M., Moylan, E. J., Charles, D. P., & Murray, E. A. (2015) · Animal Cognition · doi:10.1007/s10071-015-0891-z · Cited by 3
Self-citationPrefrontal–Amygdala Pathways for Object and Social Value Representation
Pujara, M. S., & Murray, E. A. (2024) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn_a_02144 · Cited by 2
Self-citationThe orbitofrontal cortex in adaptive behavior: Prediction, evaluation, and comparison
Murray, E. A., Fellows, L. K., & Rudebeck, P. H. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-820480-1.00088-7 · Cited by 2
Self-citationNeural representation of social, monetary and chocolate reinforcer processing
Zhu, J. (2016) · Aston Publications Explorer (Aston University) · doi:10.48780/publications.aston.ac.uk.00030063 · Cited by 1
Neuropsychology of Primate Reward Processes
Murray, E. A. (2009) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-008045046-9.01565-5
Self-citationSykes, L. (2016) · ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University)
Stoll, F. M., Mosher, C. P., Tamang, S., Murray, E. A., & Rudebeck, P. H. (2017) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/129221
Self-citationElorette, C. (2019) · DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library)
Cisek, P., & Wise, S. P. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-27380-3.00006-3
Algermissen, J., Weber, L. A. E., Rascu, M., & Klein-Flügge, M. C. (2025) · doi:10.17605/osf.io/wq7cg
Kouskoff, V. (2021) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/a8f4e479z2341z4f88zaf5bz91e7451d469d
Metadata
- Authors
- Izquierdo, A., & Murray, E. A.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 2007-01-31
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1054-1062
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC6673199
- OpenAlex
- W2014284272
- Cited by
- 121
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 7.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Soochow University
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Mental Health
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- amygdala, excitotoxic lesions, rhesus monkeys, stimulus-reward associations, reinforcer devaluation, reward contingency, rhinal cortex, reward-guided behavior
- MeSH terms
- Amygdala, Animals, Choice Behavior, Functional Laterality, Macaca mulatta, Male, Reinforcement, Psychology, Reversal Learning
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review