Bilateral orbital prefrontal cortex lesions in rhesus monkeys disrupt choices guided by both reward value and reward contingency
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The orbital prefrontal cortex (PFo) operates as part of a network involved in reward-based learning and goal-directed behavior. To test whether the PFo is necessary for guiding behavior based on the value of expected reward outcomes, we compared four rhesus monkeys with two-stage bilateral PFo removals and six unoperated controls for their responses to reinforcer devaluation, a task that assesses the monkeys' abilities to alter choices of objects when the value of the underlying food has changed. For comparison, the same monkeys were tested on a standard test of flexible stimulus-reward learning, namely object reversal learning. Relative to controls, monkeys with bilateral PFo removals showed a significant attenuation of reinforcer devaluation effects on each of two separate assessments, one performed shortly after surgery and the other ∼19 months after surgery; the operated monkeys were also impaired on object reversal learning. The same monkeys, however, were unimpaired in acquisition of object discrimination learning problems and responded like controls when allowed to choose foods alone, either on a food preference test among six different foods or after selective satiation. Thus, satiety mechanisms and the ability to assign value to familiar foods appear to be intact in monkeys with PFo lesions. The pattern of results suggests that the PFo is critical for response selection based on predicted reward outcomes, regardless of whether the value of the outcome is predicted by affective signals (reinforcer devaluation) or by visual signals conveying reward contingency (object reversal learning).
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Bilateral PFo lesions significantly slow reversal learning.
“Bilateral lesions of PFo (Figure 4A, blue), however, significantly slow reversal learning (91, 92), a finding that has been replicated many times (93).”
From Localization of Dysfunction in Major Depressive Disorder: Prefrontal Cortex and Amygdala (2011) · cites this paper as [92]
Orbitofrontal cortex moderates impulsive choice and represents subjective value during decision-making.
“The OFC is thought to moderate impulsive choice (Mobini et al., 2002; Rudebeck et al., 2006), and to represent subjective value during decision-making (Izquierdo et al., 2004; Padoa-Schioppa and Assad, 2006; Roesch and Olson, 2004; Schoenbaum and Roesch, 2005).”
From Impulsivity, frontal lobes and risk for addiction (2009) · cites this paper as Izquierdo et al., 2004
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“Several previous studies have shown that OFC lesions disrupt the control that expected outcome value exerts on previously acquired responses (Gallagher et al., 1999; Izquierdo et al., 2004; Pickens et al., 2003, 2005).”
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- Authors
- Izquierdo, A., Suda, R. K., & Murray, E. A.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 2004-08-25
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 34
- Pages
- 7540-7548
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC6729636
- OpenAlex
- W2121370521
- Cited by
- 588
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 39 · 2020: 28 · 2019: 26 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 31 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 29 · 2012: 28
- FWCI
- 15.95
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Keywords
- orbitofrontal cortex, reward learning, goal-directed behavior, reinforcer devaluation, reward contingency, response selection, satiety, food preferences, rhesus monkeys
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Discrimination Learning, Macaca mulatta, Male, Reward, Visual Perception, Prefrontal Cortex
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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