The DOI matches its Crossref record; 72 of the 72 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Dynamical Properties of BOLD Activity from the Ventral Posteromedial Cortex Associated with Meditation and Attentional Skills
Open accessAbstract
Neuroimaging data suggest a link between the spontaneous production of thoughts during wakeful rest and slow fluctuations of activity in the default mode network (DMN), a set of brain regions with high basal metabolism and a major neural hub in the ventral posteromedial cortex (vPMC). Meta-awareness and regulation of mind-wandering are core cognitive components of most contemplative practices and to study their impact on DMN activity, we collected functional MRI (fMRI) data from a cohort of experienced Zen meditators and meditation-naive controls engaging in a basic attention-to-breathing protocol. We observed a significant group difference in the skewness of the fMRI BOLD signal from the vPMC, suggesting that the relative incidence of states of elevated vPMC activity was lower in meditators; furthermore, the same parameter was significantly correlated with performance on a rapid visual information processing (RVIP) test for sustained attention conducted outside the scanner. Finally, a functional connectivity analysis with the vPMC seed revealed a significant association of RVIP performance with the degree of temporal correlation between vPMC and the right temporoparietal junction (TPJ), a region strongly implicated in stimulus-triggered reorienting of attention. Together, these findings suggest that the vPMC BOLD signal skewness and the temporal relationship of vPMC and TPJ activities reflect the dynamic tension between mind-wandering, meta-awareness, and directed attention, and may represent a useful endophenotype for studying individual differences in attentional abilities and the impairment of the latter in specific clinical conditions.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Moreover, long-term meditators display reduced DMN activity even during resting states, suggesting a lasting effect of meditation on self-referential thought and DMN connectivity [51].”
From Mindfulness meditation and psychedelics: potential synergies and commonalities (2023) · cites this paper as [51]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Control of goal-directed and stimulus-driven attention in the brain
Corbetta, M., & Shulman, G. L. (2002) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn755 · Cited by 12,881
A default mode of brain function
Raichle, M. E., MacLeod, A. M., Snyder, A. Z., Powers, W. J., Gusnard, D. A., & Shulman, G. L. (2001) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.98.2.676 · Cited by 12,190
AFNI: Software for analysis and visualization of functional magnetic resonance neuroimages
Cox, R. W. (1996) · Computers and Biomedical Research · doi:10.1006/cbmr.1996.0014 · Cited by 10,913
(1966) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 10,293
Ashburner, J., & Friston, K. J. (2005) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.02.018 · Cited by 7,507
Dissociable intrinsic connectivity networks for salience processing and executive control
Seeley, W. W., Menon, V., Schatzberg, A. F., Keller, J., Glover, G. H., Kenna, H., Reiss, A. L., & Greicius, M. D. (2007) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5587-06.2007 · Cited by 7,426
Functional connectivity in the resting brain: a network analysis of the default mode hypothesis
Greicius, M. D., Krasnow, B., Reiss, A. L., & Menon, V. (2003) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0135058100 · Cited by 6,358
Mapping the structural core of human cerebral cortex
Hagmann, P., Cammoun, L., Gigandet, X., Meuli, R., Honey, C. J., Wedeen, V. J., & Sporns, O. (2008) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0060159 · Cited by 4,173
The reorienting system of the human brain: from environment to theory of mind
Corbetta, M., Patel, G., & Shulman, G. L. (2008) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2008.04.017 · Cited by 3,889
Forman, S. D., Cohen, J. D., Fitzgerald, M., Eddy, W. F., Mintun, M. A., & Noll, D. C. (1995) · Magnetic Resonance in Medicine · doi:10.1002/mrm.1910330508 · Cited by 3,202
Buckner, R. L., Sepulcre, J., Talukdar, T., Krienen, F. M., Liu, H., Hedden, T., Andrews-Hanna, J. R., Sperling, R. A., & Johnson, K. A. (2009) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5062-08.2009 · Cited by 2,862
Wandering minds: the default network and stimulus-independent thought
Mason, M. F., Norton, M. I., Van Horn, J. D., Wegner, D. M., Grafton, S. T., & Macrae, C. N. (2007) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1131295 · Cited by 2,792
Buckner, R. L., & Carroll, D. C. (2007) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2006.11.004 · Cited by 2,691
Attention regulation and monitoring in meditation
Lutz, A., Slagter, H. A., Dunne, J. D., & Davidson, R. J. (2008) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2008.01.005 · Cited by 2,659
Murphy, K., Birn, R. M., Handwerker, D. A., Jones, T. B., & Bandettini, P. A. (2009) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.09.036 · Cited by 2,387
Resting-State Functional Connectivity Reflects Structural Connectivity in the Default Mode Network
Greicius, M. D., Supekar, K., Menon, V., & Dougherty, R. F. (2009) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhn059 · Cited by 2,175
Buckner, R. L., Snyder, A. Z., Shannon, B. J., LaRossa, G., Sachs, R., Fotenos, A. F., Sheline, Y. I., Klunk, W. E., Mathis, C. A., Morris, J. C., et al. (2005) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2177-05.2005 · Cited by 2,140
Common blood flow changes across visual tasks: II. Decreases in cerebral cortex
Shulman, G. L., Fiez, J. A., Corbetta, M., Buckner, R. L., Miezin, F. M., Raichle, M. E., & Petersen, S. E. (1997) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn.1997.9.5.648 · Cited by 1,890
Network modelling methods for FMRI
Smith, S. M., Miller, K. L., Salimi-Khorshidi, G., Webster, M., Beckmann, C. F., Nichols, T. E., Ramsey, J. D., & Woolrich, M. W. (2011) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.08.063 · Cited by 1,878
The global signal and observed anticorrelated resting state brain networks
Fox, M. D., Zhang, D., Snyder, A. Z., & Raichle, M. E. (2009) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.90777.2008 · Cited by 1,877
Christoff, K., Gordon, A. M., Smallwood, J., Smith, R., & Schooler, J. W. (2009) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0900234106 · Cited by 1,769
Parietal lobe contributions to episodic memory retrieval
Wagner, A. D., Shannon, B. J., Kahn, I., & Buckner, R. L. (2005) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2005.07.001 · Cited by 1,571
The neural bases of momentary lapses in attention
Weissman, D. H., Roberts, K. C., Visscher, K. M., & Woldorff, M. G. (2006) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1727 · Cited by 1,566
Birn, R. M., Diamond, J. B., Smith, M. A., & Bandettini, P. A. (2006) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.02.048 · Cited by 1,381
Competition between functional brain networks mediates behavioral variability
Kelly, A. M. C., Uddin, L. Q., Biswal, B. B., Castellanos, F. X., & Milham, M. P. (2008) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.08.008 · Cited by 1,287
Deconstructing episodic memory with construction
Hassabis, D., & Maguire, E. A. (2007) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2007.05.001 · Cited by 1,229
Fransson, P., & Marrelec, G. (2008) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.05.059 · Cited by 1,213 · cited 4×
“Moreover, the posteromedial cortex was recently identified as a main cortical hub in terms of its structural and functional connectivity (Fransson and Marrelec, 2008; Hagmann et al., 2008), making it a strong candidate for modulating the interaction of large-scale neural systems such as the DMN and…”
BackgroundInfluentialConceptual Processing during the Conscious Resting State: A Functional MRI Study
Binder, J. R., Frost, J. A., Hammeke, T. A., Bellgowan, P. S. F., Rao, S. M., & Cox, R. W. (1999) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/089892999563265 · Cited by 1,066
Comparing measures of sample skewness and kurtosis
JOANES, D. N., & Gill, C. A. (1998) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series D (The Statistician) · doi:10.1111/1467-9884.00122 · Cited by 1,019
Precuneus shares intrinsic functional architecture in humans and monkeys
Margulies, D. S., Vincent, J. L., Kelly, C., Lohmann, G., Uddin, L. Q., Biswal, B. B., Villringer, A., Castellanos, F. X., Milham, M. P., & Petrides, M. (2009) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0905314106 · Cited by 965 · cited 2×
“…cortices (Vogt and Pandya, 1987; Kobayashi and Amaral, 2003; Vincent et al., 2006; Vogt et al., 2006; Kahn et al., 2008; Greicius et al., 2009; Margulies et al., 2009; Leech et al., 2011) and is activated by both visuospatial navigation (Maguire, 2001; Vogt et al., 2004) and episodic memory…”
BackgroundCoherent spontaneous activity identifies a hippocampal-parietal memory network
Vincent, J. L., Snyder, A. Z., Fox, M. D., Shannon, B. J., Andrews, J. R., Raichle, M. E., & Buckner, R. L. (2006) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00048.2006 · Cited by 959 · cited 4×
“…2007; Christoff et al., 2009), processes characterized by important verbal and semantic (Binder et al., 2008; Wirth et al., 2011), mnestic (Christoff et al., 2004; Vincent et al., 2006), scene construction (Hassabis and Maguire, 2007), and mental-simulation components (Buckner and Carroll, 2007).”
BackgroundInfluentialNeural basis of global resting-state fMRI activity
Schölvinck, M. L., Maier, A., Ye, F. Q., Duyn, J. H., & Leopold, D. A. (2010) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0913110107 · Cited by 939
Sonuga-Barke, E. J. S., & Castellanos, F. X. (2007) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2007.02.005 · Cited by 890
Buzsáki, G. (2005) · Hippocampus · doi:10.1002/hipo.20113 · Cited by 872
Cingulate cortex of the rhesus monkey: II. Cortical afferents
Vogt, B. A., & Pandya, D. N. (1987) · Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.902620208 · Cited by 854
Castellanos, F. X., Margulies, D. S., Kelly, C., Uddin, L. Q., Ghaffari, M., Kirsch, A., Shaw, D., Shehzad, Z., Di Martino, A., Biswal, B., et al. (2008) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.06.025 · Cited by 854
Brain connectivity related to working memory performance
Hampson, M., Driesen, N. R., Skudlarski, P., Gore, J. C., & Constable, R. T. (2006) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3408-06.2006 · Cited by 853
Weissenbacher, A., Kasess, C., Gerstl, F., Lanzenberger, R., Moser, E., & Windischberger, C. (2009) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.05.005 · Cited by 776
Leech, R., Kamourieh, S., Beckmann, C. F., & Sharp, D. J. (2011) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5626-10.2011 · Cited by 759
Computerized assessment in neuropsychiatry using CANTAB: discussion paper.
Sahakian, B. J., & Owen, A. M. (1992) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 664
Birn, R. M., Smith, M. A., Jones, T. B., & Bandettini, P. A. (2008) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.11.059 · Cited by 651
Remembering the past: two facets of episodic memory explored with positron emission tomography
(1995) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.152.11.1576 · Cited by 593
The retrosplenial contribution to human navigation: a review of lesion and neuroimaging findings
Maguire, E. (2001) · Scandinavian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/1467-9450.00233 · Cited by 584
Baseline brain activity fluctuations predict somatosensory perception in humans
Boly, M., Balteau, E., Schnakers, C., Degueldre, C., Moonen, G., Luxen, A., Phillips, C., Peigneux, P., Maquet, P., & Laureys, S. (2007) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0611404104 · Cited by 529
Mapping sources of correlation in resting state FMRI, with artifact detection and removal
Jo, H. J., Saad, Z. S., Simmons, W. K., Milbury, L. A., & Cox, R. W. (2010) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.04.246 · Cited by 509
Kahn, I., Andrews‐Hanna, J. R., Vincent, J. L., Snyder, A. Z., & Buckner, R. L. (2008) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00077.2008 · Cited by 509
Chang, C., & Glover, G. H. (2009) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.05.012 · Cited by 503
Partial correlation for functional brain interactivity investigation in functional MRI
Marrelec, G., Krainik, A., Duffau, H., Pélégrini-Issac, M., Lehéricy, S., Doyon, J., & Benali, H. (2006) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.12.057 · Cited by 488
Default Mode Network Connectivity Predicts Sustained Attention Deficits after Traumatic Brain Injury
Bonnelle, V., Leech, R., Kinnunen, K. M., Ham, T., Beckmann, C. F., Boissezon, X. D., Greenwood, R., & Sharp, D. J. (2011) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1163-11.2011 · Cited by 488
Macaque monkey retrosplenial cortex: III. Cortical efferents
Kobayashi, Y., & Amaral, D. G. (2007) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.21346 · Cited by 487
Cytology and functionally correlated circuits of human posterior cingulate areas
Vogt, B. A., Vogt, L., & Laureys, S. (2006) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.07.048 · Cited by 484
Two Distinct Neuronal Networks Mediate the Awareness of Environment and of Self
Vanhaudenhuyse, A., Athena Demertzi, A., Schabus, M., Noirhomme, Q., Brédart, S., Boly, M., Phillips, C. L. M., Soddu, A., Luxen, A., Moonen, G., et al. (2010) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn.2010.21488 · Cited by 476
Interrupting the “stream of consciousness”: An fMRI investigation
McKiernan, K. A., D'Angelo, B. R., Kaufman, J. N., & Binder, J. R. (2006) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.09.030 · Cited by 443
Tian, L., Jiang, T., Wang, Y., Zang, Y., He, Y., Liang, M., Sui, M., Cao, Q., Hu, S., Peng, M., et al. (2006) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2006.02.022 · Cited by 392
Macaque monkey retrosplenial cortex: II. Cortical afferents
Kobayashi, Y., & Amaral, D. G. (2003) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.10883 · Cited by 387
McVay, J. C., Kane, M. J., & Kwapil, T. R. (2009) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/pbr.16.5.857 · Cited by 360
Anticevic, A., Repovš, G., Shulman, G. L., & Barch, D. M. (2009) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.11.008 · Cited by 281
Todd, J. J., Fougnie, D. L., & Marois, R. (2005) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2005.01645.x · Cited by 269
Small, D., & White, T. (1998) · doi:10.1145/281388.281499 · Cited by 262
Effects of Smoking on Rapid Information Processing Performance
Wesnes, K. A., & Warburton, D. M. (2008) · Neuropsychobiology · doi:10.1159/000117969 · Cited by 230
Common and Unique Neural Activations in Autobiographical, Episodic, and Semantic Retrieval
Burianová, H., & Grady, C. L. (2007) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn.2007.19.9.1520 · Cited by 218
Neural Basis of Spontaneous thought Processes
Kalina Christoff, A., Ream, J. M., & Gabrieli, J. D. E. (2004) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/s0010-9452(08)70158-8 · Cited by 217
Di Martino, A., Shehzad, Z., Kelly, C., Roy, A. K., Gee, D. G., Uddin, L. Q., Gotimer, K., Klein, D. F., Castellanos, F. X., & Milham, M. P. (2009) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2009.08121894 · Cited by 213
A comparison of five fMRI protocols for mapping speech comprehension systems
Binder, J. R., Swanson, S. J., Hammeke, T. A., & Sabsevitz, D. S. (2008) · Epilepsia · doi:10.1111/j.1528-1167.2008.01683.x · Cited by 202
“Thinking about Not-Thinking”: Neural Correlates of Conceptual Processing during Zen Meditation
Pagnoni, G., Cekic, M. M., & Guo, Y. (2008) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0003083 · Cited by 197
Self-citationEndogenous Human Brain Dynamics Recover Slowly Following Cognitive Effort
Barnes, A., Bullmore, E. T., & Suckling, J. (2009) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0006626 · Cited by 174
Huijbers, W., Pennartz, C. M. A., Cabeza, R. E. L., & Daselaar, S. M. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0017463 · Cited by 165
Wirth, M., Jann, K., Dierks, T., Federspiel, A., Wiest, R., & Horn, H. (2010) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.10.039 · Cited by 152
Your Resting Brain CAREs about Your Risky Behavior
Cox, C. L., Gotimer, K., Roy, A. K., Castellanos, F. X., Milham, M. P., & Kelly, C. A. M. (2010) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0012296 · Cited by 59
Vogt, B. A., Vogt, L. J., & Hof, P. R. (2004) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012547626-3/50025-9 · Cited by 54
Endogenous human brain dynamics recover slowly following cognitive effortPreprint
Suckling, J., Barnes, A., & Bullmore, E. T. (2008) · Nature Precedings · doi:10.1038/npre.2008.2665.1 · Cited by 50
Krüger, S., & Kreft, B. (2001) · Nephron Experimental Nephrology · doi:10.1159/000052615 · Cited by 24
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- 10.1177/014107689208500711 · DOI
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The Neuroscience of Mindfulness Meditation
Tang, Y.-Y., Hölzel, B. K., & Posner, M. I. (2015) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3916 · Cited by 2,889
The Unengaged Mind: Defining Boredom in Terms of Attention
Eastwood, J. D., Frischen, A., Fenske, M. J., & Smilek, D. (2012) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691612456044 · Cited by 909
Contemplating Mindfulness at Work: An Integrative Review
Good, D. J., Lyddy, C. J., Glomb, T. M., Bono, J. E., Brown, K. W., Duffy, M. K., Baer, R. A., Brewer, J. A., & Lazar, S. W. (2016) · Journal of Management · doi:10.1177/0149206315617003 · Cited by 1,043
Lutz, A., Jha, A. P., Dunne, J. D., & Saron, C. D. (2015) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/a0039585 · Cited by 697
“In support of this possibility, Pagnoni (2012) noticed differences in the skewness of the fMRI blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signal in ventral posteriomedial cortex (vPMC), a region of the DMN, between experienced Zen meditators and meditation-naïve controls who were engaged in…”
BackgroundPsychedelics, meditation, and self-consciousness
Millière, R., Carhart-Harris, R. L., Roseman, L., Trautwein, F.-M., & Berkovich-Ohana, A. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01475 · Cited by 390
Metadata
- Authors
- Pagnoni, G.
- Affiliations
- University of Modena and Reggio Emilia (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Pagnoni, Giuseppe
- ORCID
- Pagnoni, Giuseppe
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 2012-04-11
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 15
- Pages
- 5242-5249
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC3362741
- OpenAlex
- W2022682914
- Cited by
- 107
- References
- 72
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 6.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- IRIS UNIMORE (University of Modena and Reggio Emilia) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- Funders
- Emory University
- National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (P30AT000609)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Mind wandering and attention
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Keywords
- default mode network, Zen meditation, mind wandering, meta-awareness, sustained attention, temporoparietal junction, functional connectivity, attentional reorienting, endophenotypes, rapid visual information processing, meditation experience
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Algorithms, Attention, Cerebral Cortex, Female, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Nerve Net, Neural Pathways, Neuropsychological Tests, Oxygen, Parietal Lobe, Photic Stimulation, Respiration, Temporal Lobe, Visual Perception, Meditation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
