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Predictive Top-Down Integration of Prior Knowledge during Speech Perception
Open accessAbstract
A striking feature of human perception is that our subjective experience depends not only on sensory information from the environment but also on our prior knowledge or expectations. The precise mechanisms by which sensory information and prior knowledge are integrated remain unclear, with longstanding disagreement concerning whether integration is strictly feedforward or whether higher-level knowledge influences sensory processing through feedback connections. Here we used concurrent EEG and MEG recordings to determine how sensory information and prior knowledge are integrated in the brain during speech perception. We manipulated listeners' prior knowledge of speech content by presenting matching, mismatching, or neutral written text before a degraded (noise-vocoded) spoken word. When speech conformed to prior knowledge, subjective perceptual clarity was enhanced. This enhancement in clarity was associated with a spatiotemporal profile of brain activity uniquely consistent with a feedback process: activity in the inferior frontal gyrus was modulated by prior knowledge before activity in lower-level sensory regions of the superior temporal gyrus. In parallel, we parametrically varied the level of speech degradation, and therefore the amount of sensory detail, so that changes in neural responses attributable to sensory information and prior knowledge could be directly compared. Although sensory detail and prior knowledge both enhanced speech clarity, they had an opposite influence on the evoked response in the superior temporal gyrus. We argue that these data are best explained within the framework of predictive coding in which sensory activity is compared with top-down predictions and only unexplained activity propagated through the cortical hierarchy.
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“while posterior temporal cortex appears to track changes in sensory detail (Sohoglu et al., 2012) and predictability (Gagnepain et al., 2012).”
From Distinct processing of ambiguous speech in people with non-clinical auditory verbal hallucinations (2017) · cites this paper as Sohoglu et al., 2012
In the citing paper
“The negative correlation with left IFG activation is consistent with the deployment of this region for parsing speech in adverse listening conditions, and may reflect the accessing of word meanings and segments to support perception via prior knowledge (Davis and Johnsrude, 2003;Obleser and Kotz, 2010;Sohoglu et al., 2012;Du et al., 2014).”
From Distinct processing of ambiguous speech in people with non-clinical auditory verbal hallucinations (2017) · cites this paper as Sohoglu et al., 2012
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Metadata
- Authors
- Sohoglu, E., Peelle, J. E., Carlyon, R. P., & Davis, M. H.
- Affiliations
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit (GB)
- Venue
- Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 2012-06-20
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 25
- Pages
- 8443-8453
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC6620994
- OpenAlex
- W1966247273
- Cited by
- 388
- References
- 60
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 54 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 34 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 35 · 2014: 26 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 12.95
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Sussex Research Online (University of Sussex) (submittedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Medical Research Council (MC-A060-5PQ80)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Phonetics and Phonology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Music Perception
- Keywords
- speech perception, prior knowledge, top-down feedback, predictive coding, prior expectations, speech clarity, noise-vocoded speech, inferior frontal gyrus, superior temporal gyrus, cortical hierarchy
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Analysis of Variance, Cerebral Cortex, Cues, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Electroencephalography, Frontal Lobe, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Functional Laterality, Psychomotor Performance, Speech, Speech Perception, Magnetoencephalography, Knowledge, Young Adult
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