Dissociating the human language pathways with high angular resolution diffusion fiber tractography
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The anatomical connectivity of ventrolateral frontal areas 44 and 45, which in the human brain constitute Broca's region, has been revisited on the basis of experimental anatomical tracer evidence in the nonhuman primate that the homologues of areas 44 and 45 have distinct bidirectional corticocortical connections. Here we show, using high angular resolution diffusion imaging in the living human brain, a dissociation between the specific projections from the pars opercularis (area 44) and the pars triangularis (area 45) in the ventrolateral frontal lobe. As in the macaque monkey, area 44 has distinct connections with the rostral inferior parietal lobule via the third branch of the superior longitudinal fasciculus. In contrast, area 45 connects with the superior temporal gyrus, anterior to Heschl's gyrus, via the extreme capsule fiber system. These results highlight the differences in connectivity between areas 44 and 45 which had previously been thought to be uniformly connected with the posterior temporal region via the arcuate fasciculus. We also provide evidence in the human brain that the arcuate fasciculus, as in the macaque monkey brain, connects the posterior superior temporal region with dorsolateral frontal areas 8 and rostral 6 that lie above areas 44 and 45. Thus, monkey and human evidence suggests that the connections of areas 44 and 45 are much more differentiated than had previously been thought and provide the basis for studies searching for their differential contribution in function.
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Some studies describe a fifth division of the SLF comprised of a distinct fasciculus that connects the superior temporal gyrus to the superior parietal.
“Indeed, some studies even describe a fifth division of the SLF comprised of a distinct fasciculus (61–63) that would connect the superior temporal gyrus to the superior parietal.”
From Superior Longitudinal Fasciculus: A Review of the Anatomical Descriptions With Functional Correlates (2022) · cites this paper as [61]
The IPL is immediately adjacent to the posterior STG, and may be part of an alternative pathway that runs laterally to the arcuate fasciculus between Wernicke's and Broca's area.
“The IPL is immediately adjacent to the posterior STG (including the planum temporale and Wernicke's area), and may be part of an alternative pathway that runs laterally to the arcuate fasciculus between Wernicke's and Broca's area”
From Auditory verbal hallucinations as atypical inner speech monitoring, and the potential of neurostimulation as a treatment option (2013) · cites this paper as Frey et al., 2008
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- Authors
- Frey, S., Campbell, J. S. W., Pike, G. B., & Petrides, M.
- Affiliations
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital (CA)
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 2008-11-05
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 45
- Pages
- 11435-11444
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC6671318
- OpenAlex
- W2049895116
- Cited by
- 448
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 41 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 41 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 43 · 2012: 55
- FWCI
- 23.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- eScholarship@McGill (McGill) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research (170426)
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Keywords
- Broca's area, corticocortical connections, superior longitudinal fasciculus, arcuate fasciculus, extreme capsule, inferior parietal lobule, superior temporal gyrus, language pathways, human brain evolution, fiber tractography
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Brain Mapping, Female, Frontal Lobe, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Language, Functional Laterality, Male, Neural Pathways, Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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