Frontal cortical and subcortical projections provide a basis for segmenting the cingulum bundle: implications for neuroimaging and psychiatric disorders
Open accessAbstract
The cingulum bundle (CB) is one of the brain's major white matter pathways, linking regions associated with executive function, decision-making, and emotion. Neuroimaging has revealed that abnormalities in particular locations within the CB are associated with specific psychiatric disorders, including depression and bipolar disorder. However, the fibers using each portion of the CB remain unknown. In this study, we used anatomical tract-tracing in nonhuman primates (Macaca nemestrina, Macaca fascicularis, Macaca mulatta) to examine the organization of specific cingulate, noncingulate frontal, and subcortical pathways through the CB. The goals were as follows: (1) to determine connections that use the CB, (2) to establish through which parts of the CB these fibers travel, and (3) to relate the CB fiber pathways to the portions of the CB identified in humans as neurosurgical targets for amelioration of psychiatric disorders. Results indicate that cingulate, noncingulate frontal, and subcortical fibers all travel through the CB to reach both cingulate and noncingulate targets. However, many brain regions send projections through only part, not all, of the CB. For example, amygdala fibers are not present in the caudal portion of the dorsal CB. These results allow segmentation of the CB into four unique zones. We identify the specific connections that are abnormal in psychiatric disorders and affected by neurosurgical interventions, such as deep brain stimulation and cingulotomy.
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Few, if any, connections extend the entire length of the cingulum tract.
“Consequently, few, if any, connections extend the entire length of the tract (Heilbronner and Haber, 2014).”
From The cingulum bundle: Anatomy, function, and dysfunction (2018) · cites this paper as Heilbronner and Haber, 2014
The Abstract (page unavailable) says many brain regions send projections through only part of the cingulum bundle, supporting the general point that connections need not span it. But “few, if any” is stronger than the paper establishes: the Segmenting the CB section (page unavailable) says many fibers travel through all four segments, without establishing how many individual connections traverse the tract’s full length. (LLM, conf=0.81)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe problem of disentangling complex fibre architecture helps explain why the reconstructed cingulum sometimes appears to extend rostrally beyond the limit of the tract, suggesting that streamlines have jumped into adjacent pathways.
“Meanwhile, the problem of disentangling complex fibre architecture (Fischer et al., 2012; Jeurissen et al., 2017) helps to explain why the reconstructed cingulum sometimes appears to extend rostrally beyond the limit of the tract (Heilbronner and Haber, 2014), suggesting that streamlines have jumped into adjacent pathways.”
From The cingulum bundle: Anatomy, function, and dysfunction (2018) · cites this paper as Heilbronner and Haber, 2014
The Results describe the cingulum bundle’s anatomical course and its proximity to the uncinate fasciculus, providing a basis for identifying the tract’s limits. They do not report that reconstructed cingulum streamlines extend rostrally beyond those limits or jump into adjacent pathways; that reconstruction-specific part is unsupported by this source. (LLM, conf=0.78)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe primate cingulum bundle contains some fibres from across almost all parts of the prefrontal cortex.
“there is a marked extension as the tract contains some fibres from across almost all parts of the prefrontal cortex (Heilbronner and Haber, 2014)”
From The cingulum bundle: Anatomy, function, and dysfunction (2018) · cites this paper as Heilbronner and Haber, 2014
The laterodorsal nucleus projects to area 23 and area 30, and both the laterodorsal and anterior thalamic nuclei also reach medial parietal area 7 m (precuneus), while laterodorsal fibres also extend to more lateral parietal areas.
“The laterodorsal nucleus projects to area 23 (Shibata and Yukie, 2003) and 30 (Morris et al., 1999b), with both the laterodorsal and anterior thalamic nuclei also reaching medial parietal area 7 m (precuneus) (Heilbronner and Haber, 2014), while laterodorsal fibres also extend to more lateral parietal areas (Mufson and Pandya, 1984).”
From The cingulum bundle: Anatomy, function, and dysfunction (2018) · cites this paper as Heilbronner and Haber, 2014
Heilbronner and Haber (2014) used monkey connectivity to subdivide the primate cingulum into four divisions: subgenual, rostral dorsal (anterior cingulate), caudal dorsal (retrosplenial), and temporal (parahippocampal).
“Accordingly, Heilbronner and Haber (2014) used monkey connectivity to help subdivide the primate cingulum into four divisions; subgenual, rostral dorsal (anterior cingulate), caudal dorsal (retrosplenial), and temporal (parahippocampal).”
From The cingulum bundle: Anatomy, function, and dysfunction (2018) · cites this paper as Heilbronner and Haber, 2014
Typical cingulotomies compromise a great many fibres in the supracallosal cingulum bundle, involving a wide variety of cortical and subcortical sites, including both amygdala and anterior thalamic fibres.
“Using the latter information, Heilbronner and Haber (2014) concluded that typical cingulotomies compromise a great many fibres in the supracallosal cingulum bundle, involving a wide variety of cortical and subcortical sites, including both amygdala and anterior thalamic fibres.”
From The cingulum bundle: Anatomy, function, and dysfunction (2018) · cites this paper as Heilbronner and Haber, 2014
Lesions placed a little behind the genu should affect medial prefrontal, anterior cingulate, and amygdala interactions thought to be involved in emotion and cognitive processing.
“This placement is interesting as it should affect medial prefrontal, anterior cingulate, and amygdala interactions thought to be involved in emotion and cognitive processing (Heilbronner and Haber, 2014; Steele and Lawrie, 2004).”
From The cingulum bundle: Anatomy, function, and dysfunction (2018) · cites this paper as Heilbronner and Haber, 2014
Cingulotomies should create substantial cingulate disconnections.
“It is, for example, clear from structural imaging that cingulotomies should create substantial cingulate disconnections (Heilbronner and Haber, 2014)”
From The cingulum bundle: Anatomy, function, and dysfunction (2018) · cites this paper as Heilbronner and Haber, 2014
Cingulotomies disconnect many anterior thalamic efferents.
“the presumption that such cingulotomies will disconnect many anterior thalamic efferents (Heilbronner and Haber, 2014)”
From The cingulum bundle: Anatomy, function, and dysfunction (2018) · cites this paper as Heilbronner and Haber, 2014
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- Authors
- Heilbronner, S. R., & Haber, S. N.
- Affiliations
- University of Rochester Medicine (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 2014-07-23
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 30
- Pages
- 10041-10054
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC4107396
- OpenAlex
- W2080985455
- Cited by
- 202
- References
- 5
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 7
- FWCI
- 9.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Pfizer
- National Institutes of Health (5p50mh086400-05)
- National Institute of Mental Health (P-50-MH-086400, MH086400, R01MH045573, MH045573)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Neurological disorders and treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- cingulum, white matter tracts, cingulate cortex, frontal cortex, subcortical projections, neural tracing, non-human primates, amygdala, cingulotomy, deep brain stimulation, depression, bipolar disorder
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Mental Disorders, Corpus Callosum, Frontal Lobe, Gyrus Cinguli, Macaca fascicularis, Macaca mulatta, Macaca nemestrina, Male, Neural Pathways, Neuroimaging
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