Cited by 599Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormonesNeuropeptides and Animal PhysiologyNeuroendocrine regulation and behavior

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Neurokinin B and Dynorphin A in Kisspeptin Neurons of the Arcuate Nucleus Participate in Generation of Periodic Oscillation of Neural Activity Driving Pulsatile Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Secretion in the Goat

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Wakabayashi, Yoshihiro, Nakada, Tomoaki, Murata, Ken, Ohkura, Satoshi, Mogi, Kazutaka, Navarro, Victor M., Clifton, Donald K., Mori, Yuji, Tsukamura, Hiroko, Maeda, Kei-Ichiro, Steiner, Robert A., Okamura, Hiroaki·2010·The Journal of Neuroscience

DOI 10.1523/jneurosci.5848-09.2010PMC PMC6633939

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Abstract

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons in the basal forebrain are the final common pathway through which the brain regulates reproduction. GnRH secretion occurs in a pulsatile manner, and indirect evidence suggests the kisspeptin neurons in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) serve as the central pacemaker that drives pulsatile GnRH secretion. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible coexpression of kisspeptin, neurokinin B (NKB), and dynorphin A (Dyn) in neurons of the ARC of the goat and evaluate their potential roles in generating GnRH pulses. Using double and triple labeling, we confirmed that all three neuropeptides are coexpressed in the same population of neurons. Using electrophysiological techniques to record multiple-unit activity (MUA) in the medial basal hypothalamus, we found that bursts of MUA occurred at regular intervals in ovariectomized animals and that these repetitive bursts (volleys) were invariably associated with discrete pulses of luteinizing hormone (LH) (and by inference GnRH). Moreover, the frequency of MUA volleys was reduced by gonadal steroids, suggesting that the volleys reflect the rhythmic discharge of steroid-sensitive neurons that regulate GnRH secretion. Finally, we observed that central administration of Dyn-inhibit MUA volleys and pulsatile LH secretion, whereas NKB induced MUA volleys. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that kisspeptin neurons in the ARC drive pulsatile GnRH and LH secretion, and suggest that NKB and Dyn expressed in those neurons are involved in the process of generating the rhythmic discharge of kisspeptin.

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Hypophysial responses to continuous and intermittent delivery of hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone
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“The pulsatile release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is a prerequisite for sustaining normal gonadotropin secretion in mammals (Knobil, 1980; Karsch, 1984); however, the cellular and molecular mechanisms that generate the rhythmic discharge of GnRH are unknown.”
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“Finally, kisspeptin/ NKB/Dyn neurons in the ARC have been proposed to be a primary site of negative feedback action of E2 and P (Smith et al., 2005a,b, 2007; Burke et al., 2006; Foradori et al., 2006; Goodman et al., 2007), and we demonstrated here that E2 and P suppress the occurrence of MUA…”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Activation of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Neurons by Kisspeptin as a Neuroendocrine Switch for the Onset of Puberty
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BackgroundResult
TAC3 and TACR3 mutations in familial hypogonadotropic hypogonadism reveal a key role for neurokinin B in the central control of reproduction
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“Indeed, Topaloglu et al. (2009) have recently shown that mutations of either Trc3 or Tacr3, which encode NKB and NK3, respectively, produce gonadotropin deficiency and pubertal failure in humans.”
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“Kisspeptin neurons in the hypothalamus play a key role in the regulation of GnRH neurons (Oakley et al., 2009), but the precise nature of the interaction between kisspeptin and GnRH neurons is just emerging.”
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“Finally, we tested the hypothesis that NKB and Dyn play crucial roles in driving GnRH pulse generator activity by analyzing the effects of centrally administered NKB, Dyn, and a KOR antagonist on pulsatile MUA and LH secretion.”
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Applying Gene Silencing Technology to Contraception
Dissen, G. A., Lomniczi, A., Boudreau, R. L., Chen, Y., Davidson, B. L., & Ojeda, S. (2012) · Reproduction in Domestic Animals · doi:10.1111/rda.12016 · Cited by 15
“Key to this system is a phase-delayed inhibitory feedback of dynorphin on NKB release to produce an oscillatory release of NKB and kisspeptin (Wakabayashi et al. 2010; Navarro et al. 2011).”
Impact of fetal and neonatal malnutrition on the onset of puberty and associated noncommunicable disease risks
Connor, N. E. (2011) · Adolescent Health Medicine and Therapeutics · doi:10.2147/ahmt.s10147 · Cited by 15
“15 The sensitive arrangements of neurons found in this region not only are responsible for the complex processes that together initiate the GnRH pulse but also they are intimately involved with the regulation of appetite and energy balance throughout the lifespan.”
Molecular identification of the Dyn/Kor system and its potential role in the reproductive axis of goldfish
Liu, Y., Li, S., Wang, Q., Chen, Y., Qi, X., Liu, Y., Liu, X., Lin, H., & Zhang, Y. (2017) · General and Comparative Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.ygcen.2017.02.013 · Cited by 14
Methylation pattern variation between goats and rats during the onset of puberty
Yang, C., Ye, J., Liu, Y., Ding, J., Liu, H., Gao, X., Li, X., Zhang, Y., Zhou, J., Zhang, X., et al. (2018) · Reproduction in Domestic Animals · doi:10.1111/rda.13172 · Cited by 14
Energy balance affects pulsatile secretion of luteinizing hormone from the adenohypophesis and expression of neurokinin B in the hypothalamus of ovariectomized gilts†
Thorson, J. F., Prezotto, L. D., Adams, H., Petersen, S. L., Clapper, J. A., Wright, E. C., Oliver, W. T., Freking, B. A., Foote, A. P., Berry, E. D., et al. (2018) · Biology of Reproduction · doi:10.1093/biolre/ioy069 · Cited by 14
Peripheral administration of SB223412, a selective neurokinin-3 receptor antagonist, suppresses pulsatile luteinizing hormone secretion by acting on the gonadotropin-releasing hormone pulse generator in estrogen-treated ovariectomized female goats
Sasaki, T., Sonoda, T., Tatebayashi, R., Kitagawa, Y., Oishi, S., Yamamoto, K., Fujii, N., Inoue, N., Uenoyama, Y., Tsukamura, H., et al. (2020) · Journal of Reproduction and Development · doi:10.1262/jrd.2019-145 · Cited by 14
Developmental sex differences in the peri-pubertal pattern of hypothalamic reproductive gene expression, including Kiss1 and Tac2, may contribute to sex differences in puberty onset
Semaan, S. J., & Kauffman, A. S. (2022) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2022.111654 · Cited by 16
Fasting Modulates GABAergic Synaptic Transmission to Arcuate Kisspeptin Neurons in Female Mice
Mansano, N. D. S., Vieira, H. R., Araújo-Lopes, R., Szawka, R. E., Donato, J., & Frazão, R. (2023) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endocr/bqad150 · Cited by 13
Kisspeptin Neuron-Specific and Self-Sustained Calcium Oscillation in the Hypothalamic Arcuate Nucleus of Neonatal Mice: Regulatory Factors of its Synchronization
Kim, D., Jang, S., Kim, J., Park, I., Ku, K., Choi, M., Lee, S., Heo, W. D., Son, G. H., Choe, H. K., et al. (2020) · Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1159/000505922 · Cited by 12
Role of neurokinin B in ovine puberty
Bedenbaugh, M. N., Bowdridge, E. C., & Hileman, S. M. (2020) · Domestic Animal Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.domaniend.2020.106442 · Cited by 12
Hyperandrogenism induces proportional changes in the expression of Kiss-1, Tac2, and DynA in hypothalamic KNDy neurons
Okada, H., Kanasaki, H., Tumurbaatar, T., Tumurgan, Z., Oride, A., & Kyo, S. (2022) · Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology · doi:10.1186/s12958-022-00963-w · Cited by 13
“Thus, KNDy neurons probably generate synchronized oscillatory neuronal activity by receiving excitatory and inhibitory autosynaptic inputs from NKB and DynA, as observed in goats [9].”
Background
Prenatal androgen treatment impairs the suprachiasmatic nucleus arginine-vasopressin to kisspeptin neuron circuit in female mice
Jamieson, B. B., Moore, A. M., Lohr, D. B., Thomas, S. X., Coolen, L. M., Lehman, M. N., Campbell, R. E., & Piet, R. (2022) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.951344 · Cited by 13
Use of genetic models of idiopathic hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism in mice and men to understand the mechanisms of disease
Lippincott, M. F., True, C. A., & Seminara, S. B. (2013) · Experimental Physiology · doi:10.1113/expphysiol.2013.071910 · Cited by 17
“However, numerous exceptions to this rule have been observed, indicating that factors apart from steroids are also likely to influence the effect of senktide upon LH secretion (Sandoval-Guzmán & Rance, 2004; Wakabayashi et al. 2010; Kinsey-Jones et al. 2012).”
Background
Kisspeptins in human reproduction—future therapeutic potential
Kaur, K. K., Allahbadia, G. N., & Singh, M. (2012) · Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics · doi:10.1007/s10815-012-9856-1 · Cited by 13
A high level of male sexual activity is necessary for the activation of the medial preoptic area and the arcuate nucleus during the ‘male effect’ in anestrous goats
Bedos, M., Portillo, W., Dubois, J.-P., Duarte, G. A., Flores, J. A., Chemineau, P., Keller, M., Paredes, R. G., & Delgadillo, J. A. (2016) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.07.018 · Cited by 12
“A recent study in goats demonstrated that the male pheromone 4-ethyloctanal, when presented to females, increased the electrophysiological multiple-unit activity (MUA) [21] within the ARC thought to represent an important component of the GnRH pulse generator [14, 22].”
Engineering a gene silencing viral construct that targets the cat hypothalamus to induce permanent sterility: An update
Dissen, G. A., Adachi, K., Lomniczi, A., Chatkupt, T. T., Davidson, B. L., Nakai, H., & Ojeda, S. (2016) · Reproduction in Domestic Animals · doi:10.1111/rda.12834 · Cited by 13
“…& Goodman, 2010; Navarro et al., 2011) produce kisspeptins, the products of the Kiss1 gene (Kotani et al., 2001; Ohtaki et al., 2001); neurokinin B (NKB), the product of the Tac3 gene (Navarro, 2013); and dynorphin, the product of the Pdny gene (Navarro et al., 2011; Wakabayashi et al., 2010).”
Background
Importance of neuroanatomical data from domestic animals to the development and testing of the KNDy hypothesis for GnRH pulse generation
Lehman, M. N., Coolen, L. M., & Goodman, R. L. (2020) · Domestic Animal Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.domaniend.2020.106441 · Cited by 13
“Supporting this possibility are observations that non-KNDy cells containing both NK3R and KOR are numerous in the sheep ARC (75), and may serve as either an additional, intrinsic component of the GnRH pulse generator or as outputs for other functions associated with KNDy neurons (73).”
BackgroundInfluential
Effect of Nourishing “Yin”‐Removing “Fire” Chinese Herbal Mixture on Hypothalamic NKB/NK3R Expression in Female Precocious Rats
Wang, S., Zhu, L., Yu, J., & Tian, Z. (2014) · Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine · doi:10.1155/2014/217424 · Cited by 13
“nucleus (ARC) where they control the pulsatile release of GnRH [10, 11].”
Background
Development and Modulation of Female Reproductive Function by Circadian Signals
Gotlieb, N., Moeller, J., & Kriegsfeld, L. J. (2020) · Masterclass in neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-40002-6_16 · Cited by 14
“Arc kisspeptin neurons co-express two additional peptides, neurokinin B (NKB) and dynorphin (Burke et al. 2006; Goodman et al. 2007, 2014; Navarro et al. 2009; Rance 2009; Wakabayashi et al. 2010; Okamura et al. 2017).”
Background
Raphe glucose-sensing serotonergic neurons stimulate KNDy neurons to enhance LH pulses via 5HT2CR: rat and goat studies
Nakamura, S., Sasaki, T., Uenoyama, Y., Inoue, N., Nakanishi, M., Yamada, K., Morishima, A., Suzumura, R., Kitagawa, Y., Morita, Y., et al. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-58470-4 · Cited by 12
“Furthermore, our previous studies showed that rhythmic increases in multiple unit activity (MUA) volleys, which are synchronized with circulating LH pulses, were detected only when the electrodes were placed in a cluster of ARC kisspeptin neurons in male and female goats 12,13 .”
Background
Androgen Inhibition of Reproductive Neuroendocrine Function in Females and Transgender Males
Kauffman, A. S. (2024) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endocr/bqae113 · Cited by 12
Local administration of Neurokinin B in the arcuate nucleus accelerates the neural activity of the GnRH pulse generator in goats
Wakabayashi, Y., OKAMURA, H., & Yamamura, T. (2021) · Journal of Reproduction and Development · doi:10.1262/jrd.2021-055 · Cited by 12
The Key Roles of Makorin RING Finger Protein 3 (MKRN3) During the Development of Pubertal Initiation and Central Precocious Puberty (CPP)
Liu, J., Li, T., Peng, M., Luo, M., Gui, Z., Long, S.-L., Mo, Z., & He, W. (2022) · Current Molecular Medicine · doi:10.2174/1566524022666220624105430 · Cited by 12
NKB/NK3 system negatively regulates the reproductive axis in sexually immature goldfish (Carassius auratus)
Liu, Y., Wang, Q., Wang, X., Meng, Z., Liu, Y., Li, S., Zhang, Y., & Lin, H. (2019) · General and Comparative Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.ygcen.2019.05.020 · Cited by 12
Novel Biology of Tachykinins in Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Secretion
León, S., & Navarro, V. M. (2019) · Seminars in Reproductive Medicine · doi:10.1055/s-0039-3400252 · Cited by 12
Deletion of Nuclear Progesterone Receptors From Kisspeptin Cells Does Not Impair Negative Feedback in Female Mice
Dillon, K. M., Lohr, D. B., Novak, A. G., Petriv, A.-M. V., Neifert, N. T., & Moore, A. M. (2024) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endocr/bqae121 · Cited by 11
Kisspeptin in functional hypothalamic amenorrhea: Pathophysiology and therapeutic potential
Patel, A., Koysombat, K., Pierret, A. C. S., Young, M., Comninos, A. N., Dhillo, W. S., & Abbara, A. (2024) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.15220 · Cited by 17
“45,46 NKB stimulates (mainly via neurokinin receptor 3) and Dyn inhibits (via kappa opioid receptor) KNDy neuronal activity to modulate kisspeptin release.”
Altered cardiometabolic profile in girls with central precocious puberty and adipokines: A propensity score matching analysis
Zurita‐Cruz, J. N., Villasís-Keever, M. Á., Apolinar, L. M., Damasio‐Santana, L., Gutierrez-Gonzalez, A., Wakida-Kusunoki, G. H., Padilla-Rojas, M., Maldonado-Rivera, C., Garrido-Magaña, E. P., Rivera-Hernández, A. D. J., et al. (2021) · Cytokine · doi:10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155660 · Cited by 12
Sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor ameliorates high fat diet‐induced hypothalamic–pituitary–ovarian axis disorders
Chen, X., Huang, L., Cui, L., Xiao, Z., Xiong, X., & Chen, C. (2022) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jp283259 · Cited by 11
“NKB is the positive regulator of this circuitry, and Dyn is responsible for GnRH pulse termination (Ikegami et al., 2022; Mittelman-Smith et al., 2016; Nagae et al., 2021; Wakabayashi et al., 2010).”
Kisspeptin: a new neuronal target of primer pheromones in the control of reproductive function in mammals
Jouhanneau, M., Szymanski, L. A., Martini, M., Ella, A., & Keller, M. (2013) · General and Comparative Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.ygcen.2013.03.008 · Cited by 11
The Roles of Neurokinins and Endogenous Opioid Peptides in Control of Pulsatile LH Secretion
Weems, P. W., Lehman, M. N., Coolen, L. M., & Goodman, R. L. (2018) · Vitamins and hormones · doi:10.1016/bs.vh.2018.01.011 · Cited by 11
Central somatostatin-somatostatin receptor 2 signaling mediates lactational suppression of luteinizing hormone release via the inhibition of glutamatergic interneurons during late lactation in rats
Sugimoto, A., Tsuchida, H., Nagae, M., Inoue, N., Uenoyama, Y., & Tsukamura, H. (2022) · Journal of Reproduction and Development · doi:10.1262/jrd.2022-009 · Cited by 13
Neurokinin B Signalling in Human Puberty
Topaloglu, A. K., Kotan, L. D., & Yüksel, B. (2010) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2826.2010.02013.x · Cited by 11
GnRH Neurons on LSD: A Year of Rejecting Hypotheses That May Have Made Karl Popper Proud
Moenter, S. M. (2017) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2017-03040 · Cited by 11
“Of note, in vivo studies with the same KOR antagonist revealed a reduced frequency of hypothalamic multiunit activity and associated with LH release (27).”
Background
Hypothalamic KNDy neuron expression in streptozotocin-induced diabetic female rats
Enomoto, H. (n.d.) · Institutional Repositories DataBase (IRDB) · Cited by 11
Selective depletion of kisspeptin neurons in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus in early juvenile life reduces pubertal LH secretion and delays puberty onset in mice
Coutinho, E. A., Esparza, L. A., Steffen, P., Liaw, R. B., Bolleddu, S., & Kauffman, A. S. (2024) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.202401696r · Cited by 13
Estradiol elicits distinct firing patterns in arcuate nucleus kisspeptin neurons of females through altering ion channel conductances
Qiu, J., Voliotis, M., Bosch, M. A., Li, X. F., Zweifel, L. S., Tsaneva-Atanasova, K. T., O’Byrne, K. T., Rønnekleiv, O. K., & Kelly, M. J. (2024) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.96691.4 · Cited by 14
The Neuroendocrine Regulation of Reproductive Behavior and Emotional Control by Kisspeptin
Mills, E., Tsoutsouki, J., Pierret, A. C. S., Comninos, A. N., & Dhillo, W. S. (2025) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgaf055 · Cited by 12
“…range of species, ARC kisspeptin neurons abundantly co-express the neuropeptides neurokinin-B and dynorphin, forming the KNDy ( K isspeptin/ N eurokinin-B/ Dy norphin) population (rodents (26), ewes (26), mice (27), rats (28) and goats (29)), but this co-expression is less prominent in humans (30).”
Estrogen promotes gonadotropin-releasing hormone expression by regulating tachykinin 3 and prodynorphin systems in chicken
Wu, X., Zhang, Z., Li, Y., Zhao, Y., Ren, Y., Tian, Y., Hou, M., Guo, Y., Li, Q., Tian, W., et al. (2024) · Poultry Science · doi:10.1016/j.psj.2024.103820 · Cited by 10
“More interestingly, the ARC was a unique subregion of the mammalian hypothalamus where neurons co-express NKB, DYN, and kisspeptin, referred to as the “ KNDy neurons ” (Wakabayashi et al., 2010; Skrapits et al., 2015;).”
Background
Oral investigational drugs currently in phase I or phase II for the amelioration of menopausal symptoms
Genazzani, A. R., GASPARD, U. J., & Foidart, J. (2019) · Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs · doi:10.1080/13543784.2019.1572114 · Cited by 10
“If Kiss1 neurons trigger HF, it might be possible to inhibit them pharmacologically with kappa agonists, by inhibiting the neuronal activity of KNDy neurons Kappa agonists bind the dynorphin receptor (also referred to as kappa opioid receptor (KOR), and inhibit LH pulses, presumably by interfering with kisspeptin and…”
Background
Puberty
Witchel, S. F., & Plant, T. M. (2013) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4557-2758-2.00018-4 · Cited by 10
Kisspeptin Neurons in the Infundibular Nucleus of Ovariectomized Cats and Dogs Exhibit Unique Anatomical and Neurochemical Characteristics
Rumpler, É., Takács, S., Göcz, B., Baska, F., Szenci, O., Horváth, A., Ciofi, P., Hrabovszky, E., & Skrapits, K. (2020) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2020.598707 · Cited by 10
“Abundant network communication of these cells with each other (Burke et al., 2006; Foradori et al., 2006; Goodman et al., 2007; Navarro et al., 2009; Cheng et al., 2010; Wakabayashi et al., 2010) uses multiple peptidergic mechanisms which are critical for shaping the GnRH/LH secretory pulses (Navarro et al.”
Background
Hypothalamic KNDy neuron expression in streptozotocin-induced diabetic female rats
Enomoto, H., Iwata, K., Matsumoto, K., Otsuka, M., Morita, A., & Ozawa, H. (2022) · Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/joe-21-0169 · Cited by 10
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormones
Millar, R. P., & Tello, J. A. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-18907-1.00115-3 · Cited by 11
Neuroendocrinology of Reproduction
McCartney, C. R., & Marshall, J. C. (2013) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4557-2758-2.00001-9 · Cited by 10
Sirtuin (SIRT)-1: At the crossroads of puberty and metabolism
Aylwin, C. F., & Lomniczi, A. (2020) · Current Opinion in Endocrine and Metabolic Research · doi:10.1016/j.coemr.2020.06.001 · Cited by 11
“Kisspeptin neurons from the ARC, that also express neurokinin B (NKB) and Dynorphin A, two neuropeptides that stimulate and inhibit kisspeptin secretion respectively (7), are involved in the pulsatile release of GnRH.”
Background

Authors: Wakabayashi, Y., Nakada, T., Murata, K., Ohkura, S., Mogi, K., Navarro, V. M., Clifton, D. K., Mori, Y., Tsukamura, H., Maeda, K.-I., Steiner, R. A., & Okamura, H.
Affiliations: Institute of Agrobiological Sciences (JP)
Nagoya University (JP)
University of Washington (US)
The University of Tokyo (JP)
ORCID: Wakabayashi, Yoshihiro
Nakada, Tomoaki
Ohkura, Satoshi
Mogi, Kazutaka
Navarro, Victor M.
Tsukamura, Hiroko
Steiner, Robert A.
Venue: The Journal of Neuroscience
Publisher: Society for Neuroscience
Published: 2010-02-24
Volume: 30
Issue: 8
Pages: 3124-3132
ISSN: 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
1529-2401
DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.5848-09.2010
PMC: PMC6633939
OpenAlex: W2045555035
Cited by: 597
References: 42
Citations by year: 2026: 12 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 36 · 2020: 38 · 2019: 36 · 2018: 42 · 2017: 39 · 2016: 42 · 2015: 42 · 2014: 54 · 2013: 48 · 2012: 47
FWCI: 58.30
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: cc-by-nc-sa
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ (vor, 181 d)
Locations: Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (5u54hd012629-31)
National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD049651, U54-HD-12629, U54HD-012629)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
Keywords: kisspeptin neurons, arcuate nucleus, neurokinin B, dynorphin A, pulsatile GnRH secretion, luteinizing hormone, multi-unit activity, goats, neuroendocrine regulation of reproduction
MeSH terms: Action Potentials, Animals, Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus, Biological Clocks, Dynorphins, Electrophysiology, Female, Goats, Luteinizing Hormone, Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone, Neurons, Neurosecretory Systems, Ovariectomy, Periodicity, Proteins, Reproduction, Gonadal Steroid Hormones, Neurokinin B, Tumor Suppressor Proteins, Estrous Cycle, Kisspeptins

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Neurokinin B and Dynorphin A in Kisspeptin Neurons of the Arcuate Nucleus Participate in Generation of Periodic Oscillation of Neural Activity Driving Pulsatile Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Secretion in the Goat

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