Cited by 599Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormonesNeuropeptides and Animal PhysiologyNeuroendocrine regulation and behavior

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Neurokinin B and Dynorphin A in Kisspeptin Neurons of the Arcuate Nucleus Participate in Generation of Periodic Oscillation of Neural Activity Driving Pulsatile Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Secretion in the Goat

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Wakabayashi, Yoshihiro, Nakada, Tomoaki, Murata, Ken, Ohkura, Satoshi, Mogi, Kazutaka, Navarro, Victor M., Clifton, Donald K., Mori, Yuji, Tsukamura, Hiroko, Maeda, Kei-Ichiro, Steiner, Robert A., Okamura, Hiroaki·2010·The Journal of Neuroscience

DOI 10.1523/jneurosci.5848-09.2010PMC PMC6633939

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Abstract

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons in the basal forebrain are the final common pathway through which the brain regulates reproduction. GnRH secretion occurs in a pulsatile manner, and indirect evidence suggests the kisspeptin neurons in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) serve as the central pacemaker that drives pulsatile GnRH secretion. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible coexpression of kisspeptin, neurokinin B (NKB), and dynorphin A (Dyn) in neurons of the ARC of the goat and evaluate their potential roles in generating GnRH pulses. Using double and triple labeling, we confirmed that all three neuropeptides are coexpressed in the same population of neurons. Using electrophysiological techniques to record multiple-unit activity (MUA) in the medial basal hypothalamus, we found that bursts of MUA occurred at regular intervals in ovariectomized animals and that these repetitive bursts (volleys) were invariably associated with discrete pulses of luteinizing hormone (LH) (and by inference GnRH). Moreover, the frequency of MUA volleys was reduced by gonadal steroids, suggesting that the volleys reflect the rhythmic discharge of steroid-sensitive neurons that regulate GnRH secretion. Finally, we observed that central administration of Dyn-inhibit MUA volleys and pulsatile LH secretion, whereas NKB induced MUA volleys. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that kisspeptin neurons in the ARC drive pulsatile GnRH and LH secretion, and suggest that NKB and Dyn expressed in those neurons are involved in the process of generating the rhythmic discharge of kisspeptin.

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Figure 1 Colocalization of kisspeptin, NKB, and Dyn in the caudal ARC and ME of the goat. Photomicrographs of sections of the ARC stained by immunocytochemistry for kisspeptin ( A ) and NKB ( B ), or kisspeptin ( D ) and Dyn ( E ), are shown. C and F are computer-aid merged images of A and B , or D and E , respectively. An arrow in A or C indicates a cell body containing immunoreactivity (ir) for kisspeptin but not NKB-ir. The large arrows in D or F , or small arrows in E or F , show some cell bodies containing exclusively kisspeptin-ir or Dyn-ir, respectively. Note that numerous kisspeptin/NKB- or kisspeptin/Dyn-positive fibers surround immunopositivecellbodies. G and H are mergedimagesofsectionsoftheMEdoublestainedforkisspeptin/NKBorkisspeptin/Dyn, respectively. The arrowhead in G indicates a fiber with only NKB-ir. The arrowheads in H show fibers with exclusively Dyn-ir. I-K show kisspeptin-ir and positive signals for NKB and PDYN in triple-label histochemistry, respectively. L is a merged image of I-K . MEe, External layer of median eminence; pt, pars tuberalis. Scale bars: A-C , I-L , 50 𝛍 m; D-F , 100 𝛍 m; G , H , 25 𝛍 m.CC-BY-NC-SA · From the PDF

Figure 2 Photomicrographs showing the placement of MUA recording electrodes in three goats [no. Y69 ( A ), no. 709 ( B ), and no. 713 ( C )] from which MUA was successfully recorded. Sections were immunostained for kisspeptin. A pair of brackets indicates the area where a trace of a bundle of electrodes is observed, and a magnification of the indicated area is shown on the right side of each panel. Some kisspeptin-immunopositive cell bodies are shown by arrowheads. Note that because it was not possible to perfuse goats Y69 and 709, immunostaining of their sections was poor. 3V, Third ventricle. Scale bars: left panels, 500 𝛍 m; right panels, 100 𝛍 m.CC-BY-NC-SA · From the PDF

Figure3 Effect of NKB on the MUA andplasmaLHintheOVXgoat.Representativeprofilesofthe MUAandplasmaLHconcentrationsinOVXanimalsthatreceivedanintracerebroventricularinjection of vehicle ( A ) or 0.2 ( B ) or 2 nmol ( C ) of NKB are shown. The arrow indicates timing of injection.CC-BY-NC-SA · From the PDF

Figure 5 Effects of Dyn and nor-BNI on the MUA and plasma LH in the OVX goat. A , Representative profiles of MUA and plasma LHconcentrations in one animal that received an intracerebroventricular injection of 2 nmol of Dyn are shown. The arrow indicates timing of injection. B , Representative profiles of MUA and plasma LH concentrations in one animal that received an intracerebroventricular infusion of nor-BNI at a rate of 60 nmol H18528 600 𝛍 l -1 H18528 h -1 for 2 h are shown. The bar indicates the period of infusion.CC-BY-NC-SA · From the PDF

Figure 6 Schematic representation of the role of ARC kisspeptin/NKB/Dyn neurons in the generation of the pulsatile GnRH release. According to this model, kisspeptin/NKB/Dyn neurons in the ARC form a neural circuit by their collaterals and dendrites. Within the neural circuit, NKB/NK3 signaling plays the role of accelerator, whereas Dyn/KOR signaling serves as a brake on activation of kisspeptin/NKB/Dyn neurons. Through the reciprocal actions of NKB/NK3 and Dyn/KOR signaling, rhythmic oscillation of neural activity is generated in kisspeptin/NKB/Dyn neurons, which in turn induces pulsatile kisspeptin release at the ME and hence pulsatile GnRH release into the portal circulation. Thus, ARC kisspeptin/NKB/Dyn neurons would act as the GnRH pulse generator through the coordinated interaction between three peptides. See text for details.CC-BY-NC-SA · From the PDF

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Hypophysial responses to continuous and intermittent delivery of hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone
Belchetz, P. E., Plant, T. M., Nakai, Y., Keogh, E. J., & Knobil, E. (1978) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.100883 · Cited by 1,385
The Neuroendocrine Control of the Menstrual Cycle
Knobil, E. (1980) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-571136-4.50008-5 · Cited by 1,285 · cited 1×
“The pulsatile release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is a prerequisite for sustaining normal gonadotropin secretion in mammals (Knobil, 1980; Karsch, 1984); however, the cellular and molecular mechanisms that generate the rhythmic discharge of GnRH are unknown.”
Background
Algorithms for the study of episodic hormone secretion
Merriam, G. R., & Wachter, K. W. (1982) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.1982.243.4.e310 · Cited by 1,221 · cited 1×
“LH pulses were identified by the PULSAR computer program (Merriam and Wachter, 1982).”
Method
Advances in Male Contraception
Page, S. T., Amory, J. K., & Bremner, W. J. (2008) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2007-0041 · Cited by 1,138
Regulation of Kiss1 gene expression in the brain of the female mouse
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“Finally, kisspeptin/ NKB/Dyn neurons in the ARC have been proposed to be a primary site of negative feedback action of E2 and P (Smith et al., 2005a,b, 2007; Burke et al., 2006; Foradori et al., 2006; Goodman et al., 2007), and we demonstrated here that E2 and P suppress the occurrence of MUA…”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Activation of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Neurons by Kisspeptin as a Neuroendocrine Switch for the Onset of Puberty
Han, S.-K., Gottsch, M. L., Lee, K. J., Popa, S. M., Smith, J. T., Jakawich, S. K., Clifton, D. K., Steiner, R. A., & Herbison, A. E. (2005) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3328-05.2005 · Cited by 1,036 · cited 2×
“duces a prolonged activation of GnRH neurons in the mouse (Han et al., 2005; Pielecka-Fortuna et al., 2008).”
BackgroundResult
TAC3 and TACR3 mutations in familial hypogonadotropic hypogonadism reveal a key role for neurokinin B in the central control of reproduction
Topaloglu, A. K., Reimann, F., Guclu, M., Yalin, A. S., Kotan, L. D., Porter, K. M., Serin, A., Mungan, N. O., Cook, J. R., Ozbek, M. N., et al. (2009) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.306 · Cited by 961 · cited 2×
“Indeed, Topaloglu et al. (2009) have recently shown that mutations of either Trc3 or Tacr3, which encode NKB and NK3, respectively, produce gonadotropin deficiency and pubertal failure in humans.”
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“Kisspeptin neurons in the hypothalamus play a key role in the regulation of GnRH neurons (Oakley et al., 2009), but the precise nature of the interaction between kisspeptin and GnRH neurons is just emerging.”
Background
Regulation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone secretion by kisspeptin/dynorphin/neurokinin B neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the mouse
Navarro, V. M., Gottsch, M. L., Chavkin, C., Okamura, H., Clifton, D. K., & Steiner, R. A. (2009) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1569-09.2009 · Cited by 779 · cited 19×
“Finally, we tested the hypothesis that NKB and Dyn play crucial roles in driving GnRH pulse generator activity by analyzing the effects of centrally administered NKB, Dyn, and a KOR antagonist on pulsatile MUA and LH secretion.”
BackgroundResultInfluential

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Matsuyama, S., Nakamura, S., Minabe, S., Ohkura, S., & Kimura, K. (2023) · Biology of Reproduction · doi:10.1093/biolre/ioad039
Endocrine Pathways Across the Life Course
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Effects of senktide on kisspeptin/neurokinin B/dynorphin peptide mRNA expression and luteinizing hormone secretion in fasted female goats: a pilot study
Intaravichai, P., Sajapitak, S., Krasaesub, S., Mongkonwattanaporn, T., & Rukkwamsuk, T. (2021) · The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine · doi:10.56808/2985-1130.3176
“Dyn has been generally recognized to mediate progesterone negative feedback on GnRH release (Foradori et al., 2005; Goodman et al., 2004; Wakabayashi et al., 2010).”
Background
Fatores que alteram a ingestão alimentar modulam a atividade de neurônios kisspeptinérgicos?
Mansano, N. D. S. (2022) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/t.42.2022.tde-22082023-093601
Effects of Environmental Toxicants on the Neuroendocrine Control of Female Reproduction
Stoker, T. E. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-95488-4.00118-2
Estradiol elicits distinct firing patterns in arcuate nucleus kisspeptin neurons of females through altering ion channel conductancesPreprint
Qiu, J., Voliotis, M., Bosch, M. A., Li, X. F., Zweifel, L. S., Tsaneva-Atanasova, K. T., O’Byrne, K. T., Rønnekleiv, O. K., & Kelly, M. J. (2024) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.96691.2
Estradiol elicits distinct firing patterns in arcuate nucleus kisspeptin neurons of females through altering ion channel conductancesPreprint
Qiu, J., Voliotis, M., Bosch, M. A., Li, X. F., Zweifel, L. S., Tsaneva-Atanasova, K. T., O’Byrne, K. T., Rønnekleiv, O. K., & Kelly, M. J. (2024) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.96691.3
Involvement of nuclear receptor corepressor 2 (NCOR2) in estrogen-induced repression of arcuate Kiss1 expression in female rats
Takizawa, M., Miyazaki, S., Tsuchida, H., Nagae, M., Shunsuke, S. E. K. I., Hirabayashi, M., Osakada, F., Inoue, N., Tsukamura, H., & Uenoyama, Y. (2025) · Journal of Reproduction and Development · doi:10.1262/jrd.2024-100
The role of GABA signaling in GnRH neuron migration and function
Mitchell, T. (2020) · doi:10.54014/ns71-fn05
Dynamic Upstream Controllers of Kisspeptin and its Possible Interactions: A Review Elucidating the Pleiotropic Regulators
Dan, N., Shah, H., Shah, H., Upadhyay, P., Bulusu, S., Ramachandran, A. V., & Pandya, P. (2025) · Journal of Endocrinology & Reproduction · doi:10.18311/jer/2024/45500
Neurotensin Expression in the Posterior Hypothalamus Is Influenced by an Increase in Kisspeptin Levels: Insights From In Vivo Rat Models and Hypothalamic Cell Models
Lkhagvajav, B., Kanasaki, H., Tumurbaatar, T., Cairang, Z., Oride, A., Okada, H., & Kyo, S. (2025) · International Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1155/ije/6698205
The Hypothalamus-Pituitary in Males in Health and Disease
Winters, S. J. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-96376-6_7
Kisspeptin-Dependent Puberty Onset Triggered by Increased Kiss1 and Pdyn Expression in Arcuate Tac3 Neurons under Reduced Estrogen Negative Feedback and Sufficient Energy Balance in Female Rats
Nagae, M., Majarune, S., Kobayashi, T., Nima, P., Horihata, K., Takase, K., Hirata, J., Matsui, H., Matsumoto, H., Inoue, N., et al. (2025) · Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1159/000548403
“…gene) are thought to synchronize KNDy neuronal activity via neurokinin 3 receptor (NK3R, known as a neurokinin B receptor) and κ-opioid receptor (KOR, known as a dynorphin A receptor) in an autocrine/ paracrine manner in various mammals, such as goats [13], ewes [14], rats [15], and mice [16, 17].”
Engineered RVG29-Conjugated Chitosan for Enhanced Brain Delivery of Kisspeptin Agonists and Antagonists in Reproductive HealthPreprint
Irfan, A., Kiran Kumar, P., Bhagat, S., Yadav, R., Mehta, D., Kumari, A., Deshpande, A. D., Tripathi, B. B., Silambarasan, Y., Athar, M., et al. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.10.26.684692
Inhibitory effects of a κ-opioid receptor agonist and neurokinin-3 receptor antagonist on testosterone secretion in male rats
Sakono, T., Munetomo, A., Sato, M., ISHIYAMA, D., Oshimo, Y., Yamamoto, K., Oishi, S., Magata, F., & Matsuda, F. (2025) · Theriogenology · doi:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2025.117780
Citalopram-induced decrease of CLOCK-ir and BMAL1-ir kisspeptin neurons in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus of adult male mice
Putteeraj, M., Soga, T., & Parhar, I. S. (2025) · IBRO Neuroscience Reports · doi:10.1016/j.ibneur.2025.09.014
“This feature of kisspeptin exclusively found in the ARC has initially been discovered in higher primates and other species including male and female mouse (Keen et al., 2008, Wakabayashi et al., 2010, Navarro et al., 2011).”
Activity Changes of the Hypothalamus-Pituitary Hormonal Axis in Peripubertal Female Rats
Jeon, E.-Y., & Lee, S.-H. (2025) · Development & Reproduction · doi:10.12717/dr.2025.29.4.121
Endocrine-metabolic effects of kisspeptin in mammals
Pastor, F. M., Santos, B. R., Silva, J. F., Ocarino, N. M., & Serákides, R. (2026) · General and Comparative Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.ygcen.2026.114888
Control of GnRH Secretion
Bonomi, M., Vezzoli, V., Goggi, G., & Cariboni, A. M. (2026) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-29456-8_1-2
Ontogenèse des neurones à kisspeptine chez le rat : neurogénèse et cartographie spatio-temporelle de kisspeptine de l'embryogénèse à l'âge adulte
Crossard, E. (2011) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/5288a1dazbccfz4adbz8a03z5c3278f0389b
Implication du système circadien dans la fonction de reproduction chez la souris femelle
Chassard, D. (2015) · doi:10.70675/28b76853zdc50z46d0z9898zb39670c50e94
Contribution à la caractérisation de nouveaux gènes impliqués dans les hypogonadismes hypogonadotropes : caractérisation des mécanismes moléculaires et cellulaires
Francou, B. (2016) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/d1a18abcz32e5z48f9z9502z93a674ff6c83
Rôle de la signalisation hypothalamique TSH/T3 dans la reproduction saisonnière chez les hamsters Djungariens (Phodopus sungorus) et Syriens (Mesocricetus auratus)
Milesi, S. (2018) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/f01da4d0zdabez4283z98fdzace643691a6e
Mise en place prénatale des cellules à kisspeptine du noyau arqué chez la souris : effet du sexe et de l'oestradiol
Alfaïa, C. (2017) · doi:10.70675/9e1195ccz33c5z47cdza5f6z2eda4790d875
“Ainsi, les neurones KNDy agiraient comme générateur d'impulsions du GnRH. D’après (Wakabayashi et al., 2010).”
Influential
Induction d'une maturation sexuelle précoce chez la chevrette par une exposition prépubertaire au mâle
Chasles, M. (2017) · doi:10.70675/8a0cf62fzbcdcz4047z8f40zd555ccdc1646
Identification et caractérisation de nouveaux outils pharmacologiques sélectifs pour les différents récepteurs à peptides RF-amides
Quillet, R. (2018) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/48fb3ad0zf8eez49f2za284zea0ba998a8c5
IMPACT DE L’HYPERCORTICISME SUR L’AXE GONADOTROPE FEMELLE
Ayrout, M. (2018) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/194a6ff5z99f6z4ef0z800ez5473528e7a30
Characterization of tachykinin system and role in reproduction in the European eel
Campo, A. (2018) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/d6441c0cz240dz4d84zbcacz1aa6e622f56b
Rôle du beta Nerve Growth Factor et du système à kisspeptine dans l'induction de l'ovulation chez deux espèces à ovulation spontanée : la souris et le cheval
Derouin-Tochon, F. (2022) · doi:10.70675/910bdc92zaabaz442dzb809z70bdb562be4a
Inactivating PLEKHA6 Mutations Cause Idiopathic Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism Through Impaired Kisspeptin SecretionPreprint
Topaloglu, A. K., Plummer, L., Su, C., Kotan, L. D., Çelmeli, G., Şimşek, E., Zhao, Y., Stamou, M. I., Ahmet, A. N. I. K., Döğer, E., et al. (2026) · medRxiv · doi:10.64898/2026.04.10.26349358
Cannabidiol Prevents Ovariectomy-Induced Thermoregulatory Dysfunction in Rats: A Preclinical Study on Menopausal Vasomotor Symptoms
Lages, V. L., Godinho, L. F., Guieiro, A. S., Trindade, T., Costa, B. O., Costa, J. M. M., Pereira, R. R. D. S., Magalhães, C. O. D. E., & Sampaio, K. H. (2026) · Drugs and Drug Candidates · doi:10.3390/ddc5020026
“It has been demonstrated that estradiol exerts inhibitory feedback on a specific population of neurons in the arcuate nucleus, the KNDy neurons [31,32].”
A computational systems biology view on the role of the menstrual cycle in endocrine health and disease
Röblitz, S. (2026) · Journal of Molecular Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/jme-25-0211
Hypothermic Conditions Impair GnRH Pulse Generator Activity and GametogenesisPreprint
Hagihara, M., Suzuki, D., Hara, J., Abe, T., Sakurai, T., Miyamichi, K., & Goto, T. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.08.27.747452
“Previous studies have established electrophysiological recordings of multiunit activity from putative ARC kiss neurons in goats ( 16 , 17 ) as well as cell-type-specific chronic Ca 2+ imaging of ARC kiss neural activity in freely moving mice using fiber photometry ( 18 , 19 ).”
Effects of high-frequency administration of GnRH or kisspeptin on LH pulse and surge profiles in ovariectomized Bos taurus and Bos indicus heifers
eSilva, L. O., West, S. M., Garza, V., Sustaita-Monroe, J. F., King, L., Sellers, H., Weynand, M., Feist, H., Perry, G. A., Sartori, R., et al. (2026) · Biology of Reproduction · doi:10.1093/biolre/ioag198 · Cited by 1
Obesity, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation in Precocious Puberty: Do All Roads Lead to the Hypothalamus?
Bizerea, T. O., Chisavu, F., Chisavu, L. A., Pitulice, L., Moga, T. V., Bugi, M.-A., Foghiș, C. F., Isac, R., Mărginean, O., & Balica, N. C. (2026) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms27188159 · Cited by 1
Regulation of PACAP gene expression by ovarian sex steroids and kisspeptin: Study using hypothalamic cell lines and an in vivo female rat model
Tumurbaatar, T., Oride, A., Cairang, Z., Okada, H., & Kanasaki, H. (2026) · Biochemistry and Biophysics Reports · doi:10.1016/j.bbrep.2026.102834
“Numerous studies have shown that hypothalamus kisspeptin neurons are generally located in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV) and arcuate nucleus (ARC) regions [3,4].”
BindingDB Entry 50008963: Scaffold hopping of fused piperidine-type NK3 receptor antagonists to reduce environmental impact.
BindingDB (2021) · UC San Diego · doi:10.7270/q26t0r36
BindingDB Entry 50044734: Development of novel neurokinin 3 receptor (NK3R) selective agonists with resistance to proteolytic degradation.
BindingDB (2016) · UC San Diego · doi:10.7270/q2w66nct
BindingDB Entry 50042856: Structure-activity relationship study of tachykinin peptides for the development of novel neurokinin-3 receptor selective agonists.
BindingDB (2013) · UC San Diego · doi:10.7270/q20k29x2
BindingDB Entry 50047626: Development of novel NK3 receptor antagonists with reduced environmental impact.
BindingDB (2017) · UC San Diego · doi:10.7270/q2rr216w

Authors: Wakabayashi, Y., Nakada, T., Murata, K., Ohkura, S., Mogi, K., Navarro, V. M., Clifton, D. K., Mori, Y., Tsukamura, H., Maeda, K.-I., Steiner, R. A., & Okamura, H.
Affiliations: Institute of Agrobiological Sciences (JP)
Nagoya University (JP)
University of Washington (US)
The University of Tokyo (JP)
ORCID: Wakabayashi, Yoshihiro
Nakada, Tomoaki
Ohkura, Satoshi
Mogi, Kazutaka
Navarro, Victor M.
Tsukamura, Hiroko
Steiner, Robert A.
Venue: The Journal of Neuroscience
Publisher: Society for Neuroscience
Published: 2010-02-24
Volume: 30
Issue: 8
Pages: 3124-3132
ISSN: 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
1529-2401
DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.5848-09.2010
PMC: PMC6633939
OpenAlex: W2045555035
Cited by: 597
References: 42
Citations by year: 2026: 12 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 36 · 2020: 38 · 2019: 36 · 2018: 42 · 2017: 39 · 2016: 42 · 2015: 42 · 2014: 54 · 2013: 48 · 2012: 47
FWCI: 58.30
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: cc-by-nc-sa
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ (vor, 181 d)
Locations: Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (5u54hd012629-31)
National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD049651, U54-HD-12629, U54HD-012629)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
Keywords: kisspeptin neurons, arcuate nucleus, neurokinin B, dynorphin A, pulsatile GnRH secretion, luteinizing hormone, multi-unit activity, goats, neuroendocrine regulation of reproduction
MeSH terms: Action Potentials, Animals, Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus, Biological Clocks, Dynorphins, Electrophysiology, Female, Goats, Luteinizing Hormone, Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone, Neurons, Neurosecretory Systems, Ovariectomy, Periodicity, Proteins, Reproduction, Gonadal Steroid Hormones, Neurokinin B, Tumor Suppressor Proteins, Estrous Cycle, Kisspeptins

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Neurokinin B and Dynorphin A in Kisspeptin Neurons of the Arcuate Nucleus Participate in Generation of Periodic Oscillation of Neural Activity Driving Pulsatile Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Secretion in the Goat

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