Genetically Engineered Algae for Biofuels: A Key Role for Ecologists
Abstract
Genetically engineered (GE) microalgae are nearing commercial release for biofuels production without sufficient public information or ecological studies to investigate their possible risks. Blue-green algae (cyanobacteria) and eukaryotic green algae are likely to disperse widely from open ponds and, on a smaller scale with lower probability, from enclosed photobioreactors. With powerful molecular techniques, thousands of algal strains have been screened, hybridized, and redesigned to grow quickly and tolerate extreme conditions. Some biologists do not expect GE microalgae to survive in the wild. However, thorough ecological and evolutionary assessments are needed to test this assumption and, if the algae do survive, to confirm that their persistence is highly unlikely to cause environmental harm. Cyanobacteria are especially difficult to evaluate because of the chance of horizontal gene transfer with unrelated microbes. Before novel GE algae enter the environment, key biosafety and environmental risk issues should be formally addressed by teams of experts that include ecologists.
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The use of omics technologies and genetic editing has greatly enhanced lipid accumulation in microalgae.
“The use of omics technologies and genetic editing has greatly enhanced lipid accumulation in microalgae.”
From Microalgae biofuels: illuminating the path to a sustainable future amidst challenges and opportunities (2024) · cites this paper as [31]
The 'Potential for gene flow and rapid evolution' section discusses gene discovery and metabolic engineering in microalgae, and 'Confidential business information' describes genetically engineered algae. Neither passage reports that omics technologies or genetic editing greatly enhanced lipid accumulation; the specific outcome and magnitude are unsupported. (LLM, conf=0.78)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredGenetic engineering proves to be more effective, precise, and rapid compared to random mutagenesis, offering extensive potential applications.
“It proves to be more effective, precise, and rapid compared to random mutagenesis, offering extensive potential applications [31].”
From Microalgae biofuels: illuminating the path to a sustainable future amidst challenges and opportunities (2024) · cites this paper as [31]
The passage labeled Abstract (page unavailable) says recombinant DNA offers the greatest freedom to improve wild algal strains and gives examples of potential applications. It does not compare genetic engineering with random mutagenesis for precision or speed, or establish that it has proved more effective. (LLM, conf=0.83)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredGenetic engineering enhances and adjusts the standardized traits of microalgae, resulting in the production of high-yield lipids.
“This approach employs genetic engineering to enhance and adjust the standardized traits of microalgae, resulting in the production of high-yield lipids.”
From Microalgae biofuels: illuminating the path to a sustainable future amidst challenges and opportunities (2024) · cites this paper as [31]
The Abstract says recombinant DNA can improve wild algal strains and describes genetic engineering of microalgae for biofuel production. It does not say that engineering has produced high-yield lipids; the examples concern faster growth, nitrogen-use efficiency, and enhanced ethanol production. No page number is available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.84)
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Biofuels from Green Microalgae
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Regulatory and Policy Frameworks
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A Critical Participatory Approach to the Evaluation of Synthetic Biology
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Co-producing soft law and uncertain knowledge
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Study of carbohydrates in Euglena gracilis
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Regulations on Cultivation and Processing of Genetically Modified Algae
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Sustainable Biofuels from Algae- Process and Methods Adapted: A Review
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Environmental and Health Risks
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Biotechnological Approaches to Enhance Algae Biofuel Production
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Microalgal Technology Challenges
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- Authors
- Snow, A. A., & Smith, V. H.
- ORCID
- Allison A. Snow
- Venue
- BioScience
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2012-08
- Volume
- 62
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 765-768
- ISSN
- 0006-3568 (ISSN-L)
- 1525-3244
- OpenAlex
- W2099310685
- Cited by
- 94
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 10.57
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- BioScience (publishedVersion)
- BioOne Complete (BioOne) (submittedVersion)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Genetically Modified Organisms Research
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Algal biology and biofuel production
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Microbial Metabolic Engineering and Bioproduction
- Keywords
- algal biofuels, cyanobacteria, green algae, environmental risk assessment, biosafety, horizontal gene transfer, algal dispersal, photobioreactors, open ponds, environmental persistence
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