Cited by 266Gender, Health, and Social InequalityRacial and Ethnic Identity ResearchHealth disparities and outcomes

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 84 of the 85 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Racial and Gender Discrimination in the Stress Process: Implications for African American Women's Health and Well-Being

Open access

Perry, Brea L., Harp, Kathi L. H., Oser, Carrie B.·2013·Sociological Perspectives

DOI 10.1525/sop.2012.56.1.25PMC PMC3783344

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

In recent decades, sociologists have increasingly adopted an intersectionality framework to explore and explain the complex and interconnected nature of inequalities in the areas of race, class, and gender. Using an inclusion-centered approach and a sample of 204 low-socioeconomic-status (SES) African American women, the authors theorize and explore the role of racial and gender discrimination in the stress process. Analyses examine relationships between social stressors (racial and gender discrimination) and individual stressors occurring in each of six distinct social contexts. Furthermore, the authors evaluate the effects of racial and gender discrimination as compared to individual stressors on three indicators of mental health and well-being. Findings suggest that racial and gender discrimination increases risk for poor health and low well-being, working both directly and indirectly through increased vulnerability to individual stressors. This research demonstrates the value of a more comprehensive study of stressors that influence the health of low-SES African American women and other multiply disadvantaged groups.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1525/sop.2012.56.1.25

Cites

84 of 84 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations
Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173 · Cited by 91,532
Mapping the Margins: Intersectionality, Identity Politics, and Violence against Women of Color
Crenshaw, K. (1991) · Stanford Law Review · doi:10.2307/1229039 · Cited by 32,792
Black Feminist Thought: Knowledge, Consciousness, and the Politics of Empowerment.
Brewer, R. M., & Collins, P. H. (1992) · Contemporary Sociology · doi:10.2307/2074808 · Cited by 19,445
Prejudice, social stress, and mental health in lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations: conceptual issues and research evidence
Meyer, I. H. (2003) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.129.5.674 · Cited by 14,736
The Complexity of Intersectionality
McCall, L. (2005) · Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society · doi:10.1086/426800 · Cited by 6,682 · cited 1×
“In recent decades, sociologists have increasingly adopted an intersectionality framework to explore and explain the complex and interconnected nature of inequalities in the areas of race, class, and gender (Collins 1998; Davis 2008; McCall 2005.”
Background
The Stress Process
Pearlin, L. I., Menaghan, E. G., Lieberman, M. A., & Mullan, J. T. (1981) · Journal of Health and Social Behavior · doi:10.2307/2136676 · Cited by 6,289
Journal of the National Medical Association
(2010) · Journal of the National Medical Association · doi:10.1016/s0027-9684(15)30622-2 · Cited by 5,338
Learning from the Outsider Within: The Sociological Significance of Black Feminist Thought
Collins, P. H. (1986) · Social Problems · doi:10.2307/800672 · Cited by 3,536
Stress, Coping, and Social Support Processes: Where Are We? What Next?
Thoits, P. A. (1995) · Journal of Health and Social Behavior · doi:10.2307/2626957 · Cited by 3,496
Discrimination and racial disparities in health: evidence and needed research
Williams, D. R., & Mohammed, S. A. (2009) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10865-008-9185-0 · Cited by 3,371

Show all 85 references

Research works printed but not linked: 13

Brondolo Elizabeth, 2009, Ethnicity and Disease, 15, 14
Brown Diane R., 2003, In and Out of Our Right Minds, 1
Brown Diane R., 2003, In and Out of Our Right Minds, 83
Collins Patricia Hill, 2000, Black Feminist Thought: Knowledge, Consciousness, and the Politics of Empowerment
Costello Anna B., 2005, Practical Assessment, Research, and Evaluation, 10, 1
10.1177/036168430903300305 · DOI
Hooks Bell, 1981, Ain't I a Woman: Black Women and Feminism
McCoy Frank, 1994, Black Enterprise, 25, 54
McLellan Thomas, 1999, Addiction Severity Index Life-Clinical Factors Version
Morris-Prather C. E., 1996, Ethnicity and Disease, 6, 123
10.1037/0003-066X.55.10.1164 · DOI
Paloutzian Raymond F., 1991, Manual for the Spiritual Well-Being Scale
Sampson Robert J., 2005, Race, Crime, and Justice, 177

Sorted by citations

Intersectionality in quantitative health disparities research: A systematic review of challenges and limitations in empirical studies
Harari, L., & Lee, C. (2021) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.113876 · Cited by 291
Effectiveness of self-compassion-related interventions for reducing self-criticism: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Wakelin, K. E., Perman, G., & Simonds, L. M. (2022) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.2586 · Cited by 170
Vigilance in the discrimination-stress model for Black Americans
Himmelstein, M. S., Young, D. M., Sanchez, D. T., & Jackson, J. S. (2015) · Psychology & Health · doi:10.1080/08870446.2014.966104 · Cited by 168
Perceived stress and mental health: The mediating roles of social support and resilience among black women exposed to sexual violence
Catabay, C. J., Stockman, J. K., Campbell, J. C., & Tsuyuki, K. (2019) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2019.08.037 · Cited by 143
Religious Social Support, Discrimination, and Psychiatric Disorders Among Black Adolescents
Hope, M. O., Assari, S., Cole-Lewis, Y., & Caldwell, C. H. (2017) · Race and Social Problems · doi:10.1007/s12552-016-9192-7 · Cited by 127
Perceived stress is linked to heightened biomarkers of inflammation via diurnal cortisol in a national sample of adults
Knight, E. L., Jiang, Y., Rodriguez-Stanley, J., Almeida, D. M., Engeland, C. G., & Zilioli, S. (2021) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2021.01.015 · Cited by 118
African American Women’s Maternal Healthcare Experiences: A Critical Race Theory Perspective
Adebayo, C. T., Parcell, E. S., Mkandawire‐Valhmu, L., & Olukotun, O. (2021) · Health Communication · doi:10.1080/10410236.2021.1888453 · Cited by 115
Health Power Resources Theory: A Relational Approach to the Study of Health Inequalities
Reynolds, M. M. (2021) · Journal of Health and Social Behavior · doi:10.1177/00221465211025963 · Cited by 92
The impact of COVID-19 among Black women: evaluating perspectives and sources of information
Chandler, R. D., Guillaume, D., Parker, A. G., Mack, A., Hamilton, J. B., Dorsey, J., & Hernandez, N. (2020) · Ethnicity and Health · doi:10.1080/13557858.2020.1841120 · Cited by 84
Self-Criticism and Depressive Symptoms: Mediating Role of Self-Compassion
Zhang, H., Watson‐Singleton, N. N., Pollard, S. E., Pittman, D. M., Lamis, D. A., Fischer, N. L., Patterson, B., & Kaslow, N. J. (2017) · OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying · doi:10.1177/0030222817729609 · Cited by 97
Black Feminist Thought
Armour-Burton, T., & Etland, C. (2020) · Nursing Research · doi:10.1097/nnr.0000000000000426 · Cited by 72
Microaggressions and Discrimination Relate to Barriers to Care Among Black Women Living with HIV
Dale, S. K., Dean, T., Sharma, R., Reid, R., Saunders, S., & Safren, S. A. (2019) · AIDS Patient Care and STDs · doi:10.1089/apc.2018.0258 · Cited by 67
Death by a Thousand Cuts: The Health Implications of Black Respectability Politics
Lee, H. E., & Hicken, M. T. (2016) · Souls · doi:10.1080/10999949.2016.1230828 · Cited by 66
Higher exposure, lower vulnerability? The curious case of education, gender discrimination, and Women's health
Andersson, M. A., & Harnois, C. E. (2019) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.112780 · Cited by 66
The Cambridge Handbook of Psychology and Human Rights
Dudgeon, P., Carey, T. A., Hammond, S., Hirvonen, T., Kyrios, M., Roufeil, L., & Smith, P. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108348607 · Cited by 68
The influence of multiple oppressions on women of color’s experiences with insidious trauma.
Watson, L. B., DeBlaere, C., Langrehr, K. J., Zelaya, D. G., & Flores, M. J. (2016) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/cou0000165 · Cited by 77
Examining associations between racism, internalized shame, and self-esteem among African Americans
Johnson, A. J. (2020) · Cogent Psychology · doi:10.1080/23311908.2020.1757857 · Cited by 63
“However, it should be noted that previous studies have demonstrated no relationship between SRE scores and age (Klonoff et al., 1999; Landrine & Klonoff, 1996; Perry et al., 2013).”
Result
Gender-based violence and trauma in marginalized populations of women: Role of biological embedding and toxic stress
Sabri, B., & Granger, D. A. (2018) · Health Care for Women International · doi:10.1080/07399332.2018.1491046 · Cited by 60
Missing Pieces: Engaging Sociology of Disability in Medical Sociology
Mauldin, L., & Brown, R. L. (2021) · Journal of Health and Social Behavior · doi:10.1177/00221465211019358 · Cited by 58
Double jeopardy: Minority stress and the influence of transgender identity and race/ethnicity
Millar, K., & Brooks, C. V. (2021) · International Journal of Transgender Health · doi:10.1080/26895269.2021.1890660 · Cited by 69
Multidimensional gender discrimination in workplace and depressive symptoms
Kim, G., Kim, J., Lee, S., Sim, J., Kim, Y., Yun, B., & Yoon, J. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0234415 · Cited by 69
Discrimination, marginalization, belonging, and mental health among Somali immigrants in North America.
Lincoln, A. K., Cardeli, E., Sideridis, G., Salhi, C., Miller, A. B., da Fonseca, T., Issa, O. M., & Ellis, B. H. (2020) · American Journal of Orthopsychiatry · doi:10.1037/ort0000524 · Cited by 61
Race Attribution Modifies the Association Between Daily Discrimination and Major Depressive Disorder Among Blacks: the Role of Gender and Ethnicity
Assari, S., Watkins, D. C., & Caldwell, C. H. (2015) · Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities · doi:10.1007/s40615-014-0064-9 · Cited by 55
Psychologically Resilient, but Physically Vulnerable? Exploring the Psychosocial Determinants of African American Women’s Mental and Physical Health
Erving, C. L., Satcher, L. A., & Chen, Y. (2020) · Sociology of Race and Ethnicity · doi:10.1177/2332649219900284 · Cited by 56
Whose Stress is Making Me Sick? Network-stress and Emotional Distress in African-American Women
Woods‐Giscombé, C. L., Lobel, M., Zimmer, C., Cené, C. W., & Corbie-Smith, G. M. (2015) · Issues in Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.3109/01612840.2015.1011759 · Cited by 53
Gender discrimination and depressive symptoms among child-bearing women: ELSPAC-CZ cohort study
Stepanikova, I., Acharya, S., Abdalla, S., Baker, E., Klánová, J., & Darmstadt, G. (2020) · EClinicalMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100297 · Cited by 46
Don't look at it as a miracle cure: Contested notions of success and failure in family narratives of pediatric cochlear implantation
Mauldin, L. (2019) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.03.021 · Cited by 49
Burdens of the what‐if: Vicarious anti‐ Black racism and stress for Black mothers
Brantley, M. (2023) · Journal of Marriage and the Family · doi:10.1111/jomf.12914 · Cited by 48
Contextualizing Black Women’s Mental Health in the Twenty-First Century: Gendered Racism and Suicide-Related Behavior
Vance, M. M., Wade, J., Brandy, M., & Webster, A. E. (2022) · Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities · doi:10.1007/s40615-021-01198-y · Cited by 47
Machine learning predictive models to guide prevention and intervention allocation for anxiety and depressive disorders among college students
Zhai, Y., Zhang, Y., Chu, Z., Geng, B., Almaawali, M. S., Fulmer, R., Lin, Y.-W. D., Xu, Z., Daniels, A. D., Liu, Y., et al. (2024) · Journal of Counseling & Development · doi:10.1002/jcad.12543 · Cited by 59
Perceived Discrimination and Longitudinal Change in Kidney Function Among Urban Adults
Beydoun, M. A., Poggi-Burke, A., Zonderman, A. B., Rostant, O. S., Evans, M. K., & Crews, D. C. (2017) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000000478 · Cited by 46
Race and General Strain Theory: Microaggressions As Mundane Extreme Environmental Stresses
Coster, S. D., & Thompson, M. S. (2016) · Justice Quarterly · doi:10.1080/07418825.2016.1236204 · Cited by 52
African American women's preventative care usage: the role of social support and racial experiences and attitudes
Pullen, E. L., Perry, B. L., & Oser, C. B. (2014) · Sociology of Health & Illness · doi:10.1111/1467-9566.12141 · Cited by 45
Self-citation
Beyond Symptoms: Race and Gender Predict Anxiety Disorder Diagnosis
Vanderminden, J., & Esala, J. J. (2018) · Society and Mental Health · doi:10.1177/2156869318811435 · Cited by 45
Investigating Longitudinal Associations Between Racial Microaggressions, Coping, Racial/Ethnic Identity, and Mental Health in Black Girls and Women
Loyd, A. B., Kürüm, E., Crooks, N. K., Maya, A., Emerson, E. M., & Donenberg, G. R. (2021) · Journal of Research on Adolescence · doi:10.1111/jora.12710 · Cited by 57
Black women’s mental health matters: Theoretical perspectives and future directions
Erving, C. L., Patterson, E. J., & Boone, J. (2021) · Sociology Compass · doi:10.1111/soc4.12919 · Cited by 44
Gender Discrimination in the Workplace: Effects on Pregnancy Planning and Childbirth among South Korean Women
Kim, J., Oh, S. S., Bae, S. W., Park, E., & Jang, S. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph16152672 · Cited by 39
Racial/ethnic discrimination: Dimensions and relation to mental health symptoms in a marginalized urban American population.
Chin, D., Loeb, T. B., Zhang, M., Liu, H., Cooley-Strickland, M., & Wyatt, G. E. (2020) · American Journal of Orthopsychiatry · doi:10.1037/ort0000481 · Cited by 38
Pregnancy associated epigenetic markers of inflammation predict depression and anxiety symptoms in response to discrimination
Sluiter, F., Rodriguez, A. C. I., Nephew, B. C., Cali, R. J., Murgatroyd, C., & Junior, H. P. D. O. S. (2020) · Neurobiology of Stress · doi:10.1016/j.ynstr.2020.100273 · Cited by 36
The Epidemiology of Coping in African American Adults in the Jackson Heart Study (JHS)
Brenner, A. B., Roux, A. V. D., Gebreab, S. Y., Schulz, A. J., & Sims, M. (2017) · Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities · doi:10.1007/s40615-017-0445-y · Cited by 39
Race, Gender, and the Resources That Matter: An Investigation of Intersectionality and Health
Etherington, C. (2015) · Women & Health · doi:10.1080/03630242.2015.1050544 · Cited by 41
Compassion‐Based Meditation in African Americans: Self‐Criticism Mediates Changes in Depression
Johnson, S. B., Goodnight, B. L., Zhang, H.-Y., Daboin, I., Patterson, B., & Kaslow, N. (2018) · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behaviour · doi:10.1111/sltb.12347 · Cited by 34
African American Female Offender’s Use of Alternative and Traditional Health Services After Re-Entry: Examining the Behavioral Model for Vulnerable Populations
Oser, C. B., Bunting, A. M., Pullen, E. L., & Stevens-Watkins, D. J. (2016) · Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved · doi:10.1353/hpu.2016.0052 · Cited by 40
Self-citation
The Influence of Race and Gender on Nursing Care Decisions: A Pain Management Intervention
Cavalier, J., Hampton, S. B., Langford, R., Symes, L., & Young, A. (2018) · Pain Management Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.pmn.2017.10.015 · Cited by 35
Is Physical Activity a Buffer? Gendered Racial Microaggressions and Anxiety Among African American Women
Wright, L. N., & Lewis, J. A. (2020) · Journal of Black Psychology · doi:10.1177/0095798420929112 · Cited by 42
Effect of perceived racial discrimination on self-care behaviors, glycemic control, and quality of life in adults with type 2 diabetes
Dawson, A. Z., Walker, R. J., Campbell, J. A., & Egede, L. E. (2014) · Endocrine · doi:10.1007/s12020-014-0482-9 · Cited by 34
Caste Differences in Hypertension Among Women in India: Diminishing Health Returns to Socioeconomic Status for Lower Caste Groups
Uddin, J., Acharya, S., Valles, J., Baker, E. H., & Keith, V. M. (2020) · Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities · doi:10.1007/s40615-020-00723-9 · Cited by 35
Intersectional invisibility experiences of low-income African-American women in healthcare encounters
Okoro, O. N., Hillman, L. A., & Cernasev, A. (2021) · Ethnicity and Health · doi:10.1080/13557858.2021.1899138 · Cited by 39
Racial and gender discrimination by teachers: Risks for Black girls’ depressive symptomatology and suicidal ideation.
Butler‐Barnes, S. T., Leath, S. C., Inniss‐Thompson, M. N., Allen, P. C., D'Almeida, M. E. D. A., & Boyd, D. T. (2022) · Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology · doi:10.1037/cdp0000538 · Cited by 37
Racial Discrimination, Sedentary Time, and Physical Activity in African Americans: Quantitative Study Combining Ecological Momentary Assessment and Accelerometers
Nam, S., Jeon, S., Ash, G. I., Whittemore, R., & Vlahov, D. (2021) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/25687 · Cited by 31
Exploring experiences and impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on young racially minoritised people in the United Kingdom: A qualitative study
Burgess, R. A., Kanu, N., Matthews, T., Mukotekwa, O., Smith-Gul, A., Yusuf, I., Lamptey, I., McCauley, N., Wilson, R., Pirisola, M., et al. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0266504 · Cited by 40
Superwoman Schema and self-rated health in black women: Is socioeconomic status a moderator?
Erving, C. L., McKinnon, I. I., Dyke, M. E. V., Murden, R., Udaipuria, S., Vaccarino, V., Moore, R. H., Booker, B., & Lewis, T. T. (2023) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.116445 · Cited by 32
Project THANKS: Examining HIV/AIDS-Related Barriers and Facilitators to Care in African American Women: A Community Perspective
Amutah‐Onukagha, N., Mahadevan, M., Opara, I., Rodriguez, M., Trusdell, M., & Kelly, J. (2018) · AIDS Patient Care and STDs · doi:10.1089/apc.2017.0215 · Cited by 29
Perceived Discrimination, Alcohol Use Disorder and Alcohol-Related Problems in Sexual Minority Women of Color
Cerezo, A., & Ramirez, A. (2020) · Journal of Social Service Research · doi:10.1080/01488376.2019.1710657 · Cited by 29
Differential Effect of Race, Education, Gender, and Language Discrimination on Glycemic Control in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes
Reynolds, D. B., Walker, R. J., Campbell, J. A., & Egede, L. E. (2014) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/dia.2014.0285 · Cited by 27
Black-White disparities in women’s physical health: The role of socioeconomic status and racism-related stressors
Smith, N. C. (2021) · Social Science Research · doi:10.1016/j.ssresearch.2021.102593 · Cited by 30
Perceived Factors of Stress and Its Outcomes among Hotel Housekeepers in the Balearic Islands: A Qualitative Approach from a Gender Perspective
Chela-Àlvarez, X., Bulilete, O., Buades, E. G., Pérez, V. A. F., & Cànaves, J. L. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18010052 · Cited by 38
Associations between social determinants of health, perceived discrimination, and body mass index on symptoms of depression among young African American mothers
Millender, E., Barile, J. P., Bagneris, J. R., Harris, R. M., Faria, L. D., Wong, F. Y., Crusto, C. A., & Taylor, J. Y. (2020) · Archives of Psychiatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.apnu.2020.09.014 · Cited by 26
Factors associated with two types of child custody loss among a sample of African American mothers: A novel approach
Harp, K. L. H., & Oser, C. B. (2016) · Social Science Research · doi:10.1016/j.ssresearch.2016.06.007 · Cited by 32
Self-citation
The Moderating Role of Coping Style on Chronic Stress Exposure and Cardiovascular Reactivity Among African American Emerging Adults
Cavanagh, L., & Obasi, E. M. (2020) · Prevention Science · doi:10.1007/s11121-020-01141-3 · Cited by 30
The Role of Stressful Life Events and Cultural Factors on Criminal Thinking Among African American Women Involved in the Criminal Justice System
Link, T. C., & Oser, C. B. (2017) · Criminal Justice and Behavior · doi:10.1177/0093854817736083 · Cited by 27
Self-citation
A black and white issue? Learning to see the intersectional and racialized dimensions of gynecological pain
Labuski, C. M. (2017) · Social Theory & Health · doi:10.1057/s41285-017-0027-4 · Cited by 25
Discrimination as a social determinant of stress and health among New York City taxi drivers
Mirpuri, S., Ocampo, A., Narang, B., Roberts, N. F., & Gany, F. M. (2018) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/1359105318755543 · Cited by 24
Labor Rights as Human Rights
Saner, R., & Yiu, L. S. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108348607.008 · Cited by 24
Prejudice, Stigma, and Oppression on the Behavioral Health of Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders
Kaholokula, J. K., Miyamoto, R. E. S., Hermosura, A. H., & Inada, M. K. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-35517-3_7 · Cited by 27
Meeting the Psychological Health & Growth Needs of Black College Students: Culture, Resonance and Resilience
Helling, J., & Chandler, G. E. (2019) · Journal of College Student Psychotherapy · doi:10.1080/87568225.2019.1660291 · Cited by 23
To Code-Switch or Not to Code-Switch: The Psychosocial Ramifications of Being Resilient Black Women Engineering and Computing Doctoral Students
Spencer, B. M., Artis, S., Shavers, M. C., LeSure, S., & Joshi, A. P. (2022) · Sociological Focus · doi:10.1080/00380237.2022.2054482 · Cited by 29
Perceived discrimination and mental health among African American and Caribbean Black adolescents: ethnic differences in processes and effects
Smith, N. C., & Nicholson, H. L. (2020) · Ethnicity and Health · doi:10.1080/13557858.2020.1814998 · Cited by 24
Experiences of race- and gender-based discrimination among Black female physicians
Chilakala, A., Camacho‐Rivera, M., & Frye, V. A. (2022) · Journal of the National Medical Association · doi:10.1016/j.jnma.2021.12.008 · Cited by 21
Racial, ethnic and nativity inequalities in gestational diabetes mellitus: The role of racial discrimination
Erbetta, K. F., Almeida, J., & Waldman, M. R. (2022) · SSM - Population Health · doi:10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101176 · Cited by 21
Real-time racial discrimination, affective states, salivary cortisol and alpha-amylase in Black adults
Nam, S., Jeon, S., Lee, S., Ash, G. I., Nelson, L. E., & Granger, D. A. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0273081 · Cited by 20
Black Girl Well-Being: A Scoping Review of Culturally and Gender Responsive Interventions
Williams‐Butler, A., Dorsey, M. S., Lateef, H. A., Howard, T., Amoako, E. O., & Nortey, P. (2022) · Research on Social Work Practice · doi:10.1177/10497315221147531 · Cited by 20
Everyday discrimination indirectly influences smoking cessation through post-quit self-efficacy
Alexander, A. C., Hébert, E. T., Businelle, M. S., & Kendzor, D. E. (2019) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.01.033 · Cited by 20
Maternal Age Patterns of Preterm Birth: Exploring the Moderating Roles of Chronic Stress and Race/Ethnicity
Kim, S., Im, E., Liu, J., & Ulrich, C. M. (2020) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1093/abm/kaaa008 · Cited by 19
Religious Discrimination Scale: Development and Initial Psychometric Evaluation
Allen, G. E. K., Wang, K. T., Richards, P. S., Ming, M. S., & Suh, H. N. (2018) · Journal of Religion and Health · doi:10.1007/s10943-018-0617-z · Cited by 43
A comparison of single and intersectional social identities associated with discrimination and mental health service use: data from the 2014 Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey in England
Rhead, R. D., Woodhead, C., Ahmad, G., Das‐Munshi, J., McManus, S., & Hatch, S. L. (2022) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-022-02259-1 · Cited by 17
Structural Stress and Otherness: How Do They Influence Psychological Stress?
DeWilde, C., Carrington, J., Abbate, A., Burton, C. W., Bearman, G. M., & Salyer, J. (2019) · Journal of Transcultural Nursing · doi:10.1177/1043659618823915 · Cited by 17
Examining educational attainment and allostatic load in non-Hispanic Black women
Williams, B. M., Laurent, C., Chawla, R., & Moore, J. X. (2022) · BMC Women s Health · doi:10.1186/s12905-022-01641-0 · Cited by 17
“I don't have the energy”: Racial stress, young Black motherhood, and Canadian social policies
Goddard‐Durant, S. K., Doucet, A., Tizaa, H., & Sieunarine, J. A. (2023) · Canadian Review of Sociology/Revue canadienne de sociologie · doi:10.1111/cars.12457 · Cited by 13
Examining Race-Based and Gender-Based Discrimination, Trust in Providers, and Mental Well-Being Among Black Women
Cuffee, Y., Preston, P. J., Akuley, S., Jaffe, R., Person, S. D., & Allison, J. J. (2024) · Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities · doi:10.1007/s40615-024-01913-5 · Cited by 17
(Un) Just Deserts: Examining Resource Deserts and the Continued Significance of Racism on Health in the Urban South
Satcher, L. A. (2022) · Sociology of Race and Ethnicity · doi:10.1177/23326492221112424 · Cited by 14
Racial Socialization Provision in African American and Black Caribbean Families
Anderson, R. E., Anyiwo, N., Gumudavelly, D., Reddy, S., Galán, C. A., Nguyen, A. W., & Taylor, R. J. (2022) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-022-02415-w · Cited by 20
The experience of sexism in the workplace, belief in a just world, and depression: Scale development and mediating effect analysis
김은하, HANSOL, P., 김지수, 김수용, & 김도연 (2017) · The Korean Journal of Woman Psychology · doi:10.18205/kpa.2017.22.4.009 · Cited by 12
The Cumulative Influence of Perceived Discrimination, Stress, and Coping Responses on Symptoms of Depression Among Young African American Mothers
Millender, E., Harris, R. M., Bagneris, J. R., Marks, L. R., Barcelona, V., Wong, F. Y., Crusto, C. A., & Taylor, J. Y. (2022) · Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association · doi:10.1177/10783903221105281 · Cited by 14
Gendered Racial Microaggressions, Self-silencing, Substance Use, and HIV Outcomes Among Black Women Living with HIV: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach
Shahid, N. N., & Dale, S. K. (2023) · AIDS and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10461-023-04157-2 · Cited by 12
Age discrimination in osteoporosis screening—Data from the Aalborg University Hospital Record for Osteoporosis Risk Assessment (AURORA)
Andersen, S., & Laurberg, P. (2014) · Maturitas · doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2014.01.002 · Cited by 12
Perceived discrimination in the workplace and mental health from early adulthood to midlife.
Han, X., Mortimer, J. T., & VanHeuvelen, T. (2022) · Longitudinal and life course studies : international journal · doi:10.1332/175795921x16615892091105 · Cited by 10
The Effect of Contextualized Racial and Gendered Stressors, Social Support, and Depression on Hypertension Illness Perceptions and Hypertension Medication Adherence in Young African American Women With Hypertension
Spikes, T. A., Higgins, M. K., Lewis, T. T., & Dunbar, S. B. (2020) · The Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing · doi:10.1097/jcn.0000000000000671 · Cited by 11
Racial/Ethnic Contrasts in the Relationships between Physical Disability, Perceived Discrimination, and Depressive Symptoms
Kilpatrick, Q. K., & Taylor, J. D. (2018) · Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities · doi:10.1007/s40615-018-0470-5 · Cited by 12
Police Discrimination and Depressive Symptoms in African American Women: The Intergenerational Impact of Genetic and Psychological Factors on Blood Pressure Study
Kalinowski, J., Talbert, R. D., Woods, B., Langford, A. T., Cole, H., Barcelona, V., Crusto, C. A., & Taylor, J. Y. (2022) · Health Equity · doi:10.1089/heq.2021.0167 · Cited by 10
Stress Overload and DNA Methylation in African American Women in the Intergenerational Impact of Genetic and Psychological Factors on Blood Pressure Study
Kalinowski, J., Huang, Y., Rivas, M. A., Barcelona, V., Wright, M. L., Crusto, C. A., Spruill, T. M., Sun, Y. V., & Taylor, J. Y. (2022) · Epigenetics Insights · doi:10.1177/25168657221126314 · Cited by 13
Age impact on clinical risk factors does not justify the age related change in referral pattern for osteoporosis assessment—Data from the Aalborg University Hospital Record for Osteoporosis Risk Assessment (AURORA)
Andersen, S., & Laurberg, P. (2015) · Maturitas · doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2014.12.007 · Cited by 10
The Relationship Between Bias-Related Victimization and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Among American Indian and Alaska Native Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Two-Spirit Community Members
Parker, M., Duran, B., & Walters, K. L. (2017) · International Journal of Indigenous Health · doi:10.18357/ijih122201717785 · Cited by 10
Experiences of Discrimination and Skin Color Among Women in Urban Brazil: A Latent Class Analysis
Fattore, G. L., Amorim, L. D. A. F., dos Santos, L. M., dos Santos, D. N., & Barreto, M. L. (2020) · Journal of Black Psychology · doi:10.1177/0095798420928204 · Cited by 10
Psychosocial stress and neuroendocrine biomarker concentrations among women living with or without HIV
Levy, M. E., Waters, A. V., Sen, S., Castel, A. D., Plankey, M. W., Molock, S. D., Asch, F. M., Goparaju, L., & Kassaye, S. G. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0261746 · Cited by 10
Maternal gender discrimination and child emotional and behavioural problems: A population-based, longitudinal cohort study in the Czech Republic
Štěpáníková, I., Acharya, S., Colón‐López, A., Abdalla, S. I. A., Klánová, J., & Darmstadt, G. L. (2022) · EClinicalMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101627 · Cited by 12
Critical race theory–social constructivist bricolage: A health-promoting schools research methodology
Nyika, L., & Murray-Orr, A. (2017) · Health Education Journal · doi:10.1177/0017896916689108 · Cited by 11
Work-place diversity climate: Its association with racial microaggressions and employee work-place well-being
McCallaghan, S. (2022) · Journal of Psychology in Africa · doi:10.1080/14330237.2022.2121476 · Cited by 9
Centering on Structural and Individual Employment Barriers for Human–Social Development
Hong, P. Y. P., Gumz, E. J., Choi, S., Crawley, B., & Cho, J. A. (2022) · Social Development Issues · doi:10.3998/sdi.1814 · Cited by 9
Retaining Black Women in Computing: A Comparative Analysis of Interventions for Computing Persistence
Fisk, S. R., Watts, B. C., Dress, C., Lee, C., Rorrer, A. S., McKlin, T., Barnes, T. M., & Payton, J. (2023) · ACM Transactions on Computing Education · doi:10.1145/3635313 · Cited by 11

Authors: Perry, B. L., Harp, K. L. H., & Oser, C. B.
Affiliations: University of Kentucky (US)
Corresponding author: Perry, Brea L.
ORCID: Perry, Brea L.
Harp, Kathi L. H.
Oser, Carrie B.
Venue: Sociological Perspectives
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2013-03
Volume: 56
Issue: 1
Pages: 25-48
ISSN: 0731-1214 (ISSN-L)
1533-8673
DOI: 10.1525/sop.2012.56.1.25
PMC: PMC3783344
OpenAlex: W4297889213
Cited by: 266
References: 85
Citations by year: 2026: 12 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 34 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 67 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 8
FWCI: 28.91
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Sociological Perspectives (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
PubMed
Funders: Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services
National Institute on Drug Abuse (K01DA021309, R01DA022967, F31DA030061, T32DA035200)
Topics: Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Gender, Health, and Social Inequality
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Racial and Ethnic Identity Research
Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
Keywords: racial discrimination, gender discrimination, stress process, African American women, intersectionality, low socioeconomic status, mental health, well-being, social stressors, individual stressors, health disparities

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Racial and Gender Discrimination in the Stress Process: Implications for African American Women's Health and Well-Being

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks