Greater elevation in risk for nicotine dependence per pack of cigarettes smoked among those with an anxiety disorder
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: Recent work shows that the time from the initial use of nicotine, cannabis, and alcohol to the onset of dependence on these substances is shorter ("telescoped") in anxiety-disordered individuals. Previously, we hypothesized that telescoping may result from a shared neurobiology underlying both anxiety disorders and dependence. This hypothesis implies that telescoping occurs because individuals with an anxiety disorder transition to dependence with less overall drug exposure ("dependence susceptibility"). To investigate this further, we examined an estimate of the amount smoked (rather than the time transpired) from smoking initiation milestones to the onset of nicotine dependence in those with and without an anxiety disorder. METHOD: We used the subset of respondents in the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) Wave 1 who reported having smoked at least 100 cigarettes (N = 18,013). All data were based on face-to-face interviews. RESULTS: Individuals with any anxiety disorder transitioned to nicotine dependence after smoking fewer total cigarettes than did individuals with no anxiety disorder. Furthermore, those with more than one anxiety disorder transitioned to nicotine dependence after smoking fewer cigarettes than did those with one anxiety disorder only. Several potentially confounding covariates were controlled for in these analyses. CONCLUSIONS: Dependence susceptibility is a novel concept with the potential to inform theoretical accounts of and prevention strategies for substance dependence among those with an anxiety disorder. In addition to nicotine, our theory and past data suggest that dependence susceptibility for other addictive substances (e.g., alcohol) also would be found among those with an anxiety disorder.
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A greater risk for nicotine dependence exists in patients with anxiety disorders.
“epidemiological data suggesting that a greater risk for nicotine dependence exists in patients with anxiety disorders (Kushner et al., 2012)”
From Mood and anxiety regulation by nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: A potential pathway to modulate aggression and related behavioral states (2015) · cites this paper as Kushner et al., 2012
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Smokers With Behavioral Health Comorbidity Should Be Designated a Tobacco Use Disparity Group
Williams, J. M., Steinberg, M. L., Griffiths, K. G., & Cooperman, N. (2013) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2013.301232 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
- Authors
- Kushner, M. G., Menary, K. R., Maurer, E. W., & Thuras, P.
- Affiliations
- University of Minnesota (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs
- Publisher
- Alcohol Research Documentation, Inc.
- Published
- 2012-11
- Volume
- 73
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 920-924
- ISSN
- 1937-1888 (ISSN-L)
- 1938-4114
- PMC
- PMC3469045
- OpenAlex
- W2133157384
- Cited by
- 23
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 1.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (KO2 AA0017886, K02AA017886, R01AA0105069)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- nicotine dependence, anxiety disorders, telescoping, smoking initiation, number of cigarettes smoked, substance dependence, comorbidities, substance use prevention
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Anxiety Disorders, Disease Susceptibility, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Risk Factors, Smoking, Tobacco Use Disorder, Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry)
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