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Cited by 57Genetic and Clinical Aspects of Sex Determination and Chromosomal AbnormalitiesSexual Differentiation and DisordersDown syndrome and intellectual disability research

Socioeconomic parameters and mortality in Turner syndrome

Stochholm, Kirstine, Hjerrild, Britta, Mortensen, Kristian Havmand, Juul, Svend, Frydenberg, Morten, Gravholt, Claus Højbjerg·2012·European Journal of Endocrinology
DOI 10.1530/eje-11-1066
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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Turner syndrome (TS) is characterized by hypogonadism, short adult height, increased morbidity and mortality, contrasted by self-reported normal quality of life and perception of health. Small studies have indicated a similar level of education compared with the background population. AIM: To study the socioeconomic profile in TS and the impact of these factors on mortality. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Register study using Danish nationwide registries. Nine hundred and seventy-nine TS females and 94,850 controls were included. Information concerning cohabitation, motherhoods, level of education (bachelor degree), income, retirement, and death were obtained. One hundred and three TS and 5989 controls died during the study period. For the socioeconomic parameters, median age at first relevant episode was calculated. Income was analyzed using conditional logistic regression and the other parameters using Cox regression. RESULTS: In comparison with controls, TS had significantly fewer partnerships (hazard ratio (HR): 0.45), fewer motherhoods (HR: 0.18), and retired earlier (HR: 1.8). After the diagnosis of TS, the risk of retiring was increased. Educational attainment (HR: 1.0) as well as risk of unemployment was similar. Before the age of 30, low income was significantly more frequent; hereafter, it was similar to controls. Mortality was significantly increased (HR: 2.9) and slightly lower after adjustment for cohabitation and education (HR: 2.7). CONCLUSIONS: A divergent socioeconomic profile is apparent, with a reduced proportion of TS persons finding a partner and becoming mothers. The educational level was similar to controls. The increased mortality in TS was not materially affected after adjustment for cohabitation and education.

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  • Despite having normal sex drive/libido, individuals with TS are less likely to be married or in relationships compared to women of the same age.

    “Despite having normal sex drive/libido, individuals with TS are less likely to be married or in relationships as compared to women of the same age.371,372,569,570”

    From Clinical practice guidelines for the care of girls and women with Turner syndrome. (2024) · cites this paper as [570]

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Authors
Stochholm, K., Hjerrild, B., Mortensen, K. H., Juul, S., Frydenberg, M., & Gravholt, C. H.
Affiliations
  • Aarhus University Hospital (DK)
  • Aarhus University (DK)
Corresponding author
Gravholt, Claus Højbjerg
ORCID
Venue
European Journal of Endocrinology
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published
2012-06
Volume
166
Issue
6
Pages
1013-1019
ISSN
  • 0804-4643 (ISSN-L)
  • 1479-683X
DOI
10.1530/eje-11-1066
OpenAlex
W2103483497
Cited by
57
References
28
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 1
FWCI
1.93
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • European Journal of Endocrinology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
National Institute for Health and Care Research (ACF-2011-14-016)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic and Clinical Aspects of Sex Determination and Chromosomal Abnormalities
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Sexual Differentiation and Disorders
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Down syndrome and intellectual disability research
Keywords
Turner syndrome, socioeconomic status, mortality, cohabitation, motherhood, educational attainment, income, retirement, unemployment, hypogonadism, quality of life
MeSH terms
Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Body Height, Denmark, Educational Status, Employment, Female, Humans, Income, Infertility, Female, Middle Aged, Mothers, Ovary, Registries, Retirement, Socioeconomic Factors, Turner Syndrome, Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic, Logistic Models, Proportional Hazards Models, Odds Ratio, Marital Status, Kaplan-Meier Estimate

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