Does selenium supplementation affect thyroid function? Results from a randomized, controlled, double-blinded trial in a Danish population
Abstract
Objective: Selenium is present in the active site of proteins important for thyroid hormone synthesis and metabolism. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of selenium supplementation in different doses on thyroid function, under conditions of suboptimal dietary selenium intake. Design: The Danish PREvention of Cancer by Intervention with SElenium pilot study (DK-PRECISE) is a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. A total of 491 males and females aged 60–74 years were randomized to 100 μg ( n =124), 200 μg ( n =122), or 300 μg ( n =119) selenium-enriched yeast or matching yeast-based placebo tablets ( n =126). A total of 361 participants, equally distributed across treatment groups, completed the 5-year intervention period. Methods: Plasma samples were analyzed for selenium and serum samples for TSH, free triiodothyronine (FT 3 ), and free thyroxine (FT 4 ) at baseline, and after 6 months, and 5 years of supplementation. Results: Plasma selenium concentrations increased significantly and dose-dependently in treatment groups receiving selenium ( P <0.001). Serum TSH and FT 4 concentrations decreased significantly and dose-dependently by 0.066 mIU/l ( P =0.010) and 0.11 pmol/l ( P =0.015), respectively, per 100 μg/day increase, with insignificant differences between 6 months and 5 years. No significant effects were found for FT 3 and FT 3 :FT 4 ratio. Conclusions: In euthyroid subjects, selenium supplementation minutely and dose-dependently affects thyroid function, when compared with placebo, by decreasing serum TSH and FT 4 concentrations. Based on these findings, selenium supplementation is not warranted under conditions of marginal selenium deficiency. However, a role for selenium supplementation in the treatment of autoimmune thyroid diseases is still unresolved.
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Supplementation by Se may help to improve thyroid function, but the results were not straightforward.
“Since the thyroid gland contains a high amount of selenium, it has been expected that supplementation by Se may help to improve thyroid function. However, the results were not straightforward (Winther et al. 2015).”
From Reactive Oxygen Species, Toxicity, Oxidative Stress, and Antioxidants: Chronic Diseases and Aging (2023) · cites this paper as Winther et al. 2015
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- Authors
- Winther, K. H., Bonnema, S. J., Cold, F., Debrabant, B., Nybo, M., Cold, S., & Hegedüs, L.
- Affiliations
- University of Southern Denmark (DK)
- Corresponding author
- Winther, Kristian Hillert
- ORCID
- Venue
- European Journal of Endocrinology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2015-06
- Volume
- 172
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 657-667
- ISSN
- 0804-4643 (ISSN-L)
- 1479-683X
- OpenAlex
- W2150914299
- Cited by
- 88
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 5
- FWCI
- 8.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- European Journal of Endocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- University of Southern Denmark Research Portal (University of Southern Denmark) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Selenium in Biological Systems
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Thyroid Disorders and Treatments
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Toxicology › Organoselenium and organotellurium chemistry
- Keywords
- selenium supplementation, thyroid function, selenium deficiency, thyroid-stimulating hormone, free thyroxine, free triiodothyronine, dose-response relationship, selenium yeast, older adults, autoimmune thyroid disease, thyroid hormone metabolism
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Denmark, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Double-Blind Method, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Selenium, Thyroid Function Tests, Thyrotropin, Thyroxine, Time Factors, Trace Elements, Triiodothyronine, Yeast, Dried, Dietary Supplements
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