Selenium and human health
Abstract
Selenium is incorporated into selenoproteins that have a wide range of pleiotropic effects, ranging from antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects to the production of active thyroid hormone. In the past 10 years, the discovery of disease-associated polymorphisms in selenoprotein genes has drawn attention to the relevance of selenoproteins to health. Low selenium status has been associated with increased risk of mortality, poor immune function, and cognitive decline. Higher selenium status or selenium supplementation has antiviral effects, is essential for successful male and female reproduction, and reduces the risk of autoimmune thyroid disease. Prospective studies have generally shown some benefit of higher selenium status on the risk of prostate, lung, colorectal, and bladder cancers, but findings from trials have been mixed, which probably emphasises the fact that supplementation will confer benefit only if intake of a nutrient is inadequate. Supplementation of people who already have adequate intake with additional selenium might increase their risk of type-2 diabetes. The crucial factor that needs to be emphasised with regard to the health effects of selenium is the inextricable U-shaped link with status; whereas additional selenium intake may benefit people with low status, those with adequate-to-high status might be affected adversely and should not take selenium supplements.
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Selenium biofortification of food crops is practiced in selenium-deficient regions by adding inorganic selenium-containing fertilizers to soils, e.g., in Finland, the UK and New Zealand, or by adding organic sources of selenium to soils, e.g., in the USA.
“The strategy of Se biofortification of food crops is practiced in Se-deficient regions by adding inorganic Se-containing fertilizers to soils, e.g., in Finland [26,27], UK [28,29], and New Zealand [30], or by adding organic sources of Se to soils, e.g., in the USA [23].”
From Selenium Cycling Across Soil-Plant-Atmosphere Interfaces: A Critical Review (2015) · cites this paper as [29]
A European randomized trial not included in that analysis suggests the clinical effect of a combination of antioxidants is apparent after five days of administration.
“A European randomized trial which was not included in this analysis suggests that the clinical effect of a combination of antioxidants is already apparent after five days of administration (287).”
From ESPEN guideline on clinical nutrition in the intensive care unit. (2019) · cites this paper as [287]
Observational studies revealed that both high and low intake of Se is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease.
“Observational studies revealed that both high and low intake of Se is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (Rayman 2012).”
From Reactive Oxygen Species, Toxicity, Oxidative Stress, and Antioxidants: Chronic Diseases and Aging (2023) · cites this paper as Rayman 2012
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Selenium‐Doped Carbon Quantum Dots for Free‐Radical Scavenging
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- Authors
- Rayman, M. P.
- Affiliations
- University of Surrey (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Rayman, Margaret P
- ORCID
- Rayman, Margaret P
- Venue
- The Lancet
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-03
- Volume
- 379
- Issue
- 9822
- Pages
- 1256-1268
- ISSN
- 0099-5355 (ISSN-L)
- 0140-6736
- OpenAlex
- W2013131201
- Cited by
- 3,563
- References
- 136
- Citations by year
- 2026: 305 · 2025: 334 · 2024: 310 · 2023: 339 · 2022: 369 · 2021: 337 · 2020: 311 · 2019: 221 · 2018: 199 · 2017: 173 · 2016: 187 · 2015: 153 · 2014: 158 · 2013: 120 · 2012: 33
- FWCI
- 137.95
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Lancet (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Open Research (University of Surrey) (submittedVersion)
- Surrey Research Insight Open Access (The University of Surrey) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Selenium in Biological Systems
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Toxicology › Organoselenium and organotellurium chemistry
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Trace Elements in Health
- Keywords
- selenium, selenoproteins, selenium status, selenium supplementation, antioxidant activity, thyroid hormones, immune function, cognitive decline, antiviral activity, reproductive health, autoimmune thyroid disease, cancer risk, type 2 diabetes, U-shaped dose-response
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Animals, Cause of Death, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Female, Humans, Immunocompetence, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Neoplasms, Nutritional Requirements, Reference Values, Selenium, Survival Rate, Proportional Hazards Models, Selenoproteins
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