Effects of biomass type, carbonization process, and activation method on the properties of bio-based activated carbons
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Activated carbons (AC) serve as adsorbents in various applications requiring specific functionalities. In this study, the effects of biomass type, pre-carbonization process, and activation method on the properties of ACs were investigated. Chemical (KOH and H3PO4) and physical (CO2) activations were performed on slow pyrolyzed and hydrothermally carbonized (HTC) biochars produced from two feedstocks, willow and Scots pine bark (SPB). In addition, the adsorption capacities of the ACs were tested with two dyes and zinc metal. Distinct differences were found between the biochars and ACs regarding pore size distributions, surface area (238 – 3505 m2 g-1), and surface chemistry. KOH activation produced highly microporous ACs from all biochars, whereas with H3PO4 and CO2 there was also increase in the meso- and macroporosity with the HTC biochars. Adsorption capacity for dyes was dependent on the surface area, while for zinc it depended on AC’s pH. The results provide interesting insights into tailoring ACs for specific applications.
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Chemical activation generally contributes to very high surface areas with controllable microporosity.
“chemical activation generally contributes to the very high surface areas by having the possibility to control the microporosity, e.g., [116,123].”
From Biomass/Biochar carbon materials for CO2 capture and sequestration by cyclic adsorption processes: A review and prospects for future directions (2022) · cites this paper as [123]
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- Authors
- Siipola, V., Tamminen, T., Källi, A., Lahti, R., Romar, H., Rasa, K., Keskinen, R., Hyväluoma, J., Hannula, M., & Wikberg, H.
- Affiliations
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland (FI)
- University of Oulu (FI)
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (FI)
- Tampere University of Technology (FI)
- Corresponding author
- Siipola, Virpi
- ORCID
- Venue
- BioResources
- Publisher
- BioResources
- Published
- 2018-06-15
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 5976-6002
- ISSN
- 1930-2126 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2810861455
- Cited by
- 98
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 21 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 4
- FWCI
- 1.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- BioResources (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Jukuri (Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke)) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- European Commission (HORIZON2020, 637020)
- Sveriges Lantbruksuniversitet
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Carbon Dioxide Capture Technologies
- Keywords
- activated carbon, biochar, hydrothermal carbonization, pyrolysis, KOH activation, phosphoric acid activation, CO2 activation, willow, dye adsorption, zinc adsorption, pore size distribution, surface area, surface chemistry, biomass feedstock
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