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Cited by 1,075Blood Pressure and Hypertension StudiesObesity, Physical Activity, DietCardiovascular Function and Risk Factors

Overweight, Ethnicity, and the Prevalence of Hypertension in School-Aged Children

Sorof, Jonathan M., Lai, Dejian, Turner, Jennifer, Poffenbarger, Tim, Portman, Ronald J.·2004·Pediatrics
DOI 10.1542/peds.113.3.475
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Abstract

Objectives. To describe the current prevalence of pediatric hypertension and the relationships between gender, ethnicity, overweight, and blood pressure. Methods. School-based screening was performed in 5102 children (13.5 ± 1.7 years) from May through November 2002. Age, gender, ethnicity, weight, and height were ascertained, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated as weight (kg)/height (m2). Overweight was defined as BMI ≥95th percentile. Students with blood pressure >95th percentile on the first screening underwent a second screening 1 to 2 weeks later, and then a third screening if blood pressure was >95th percentile at the second screening. Results. Ethnicity distribution was 44% white, 25% Hispanic, 22% African American, and 7% Asian. Overall, overweight prevalence was 20%, which varied significantly by ethnicity (31% Hispanic, 20% African American, 15% white, and 11% Asian). The prevalence of elevated blood pressure after first, second, and third screenings was 19.4%, 9.5%, and 4.5%, respectively. Elevated blood pressure on first screening was highest among Hispanics (25%) and lowest among Asians (14%). Ethnic differences in the prevalence of hypertension (elevated blood pressure on 3 screenings) were not significant after controlling for overweight. The prevalence of hypertension increased progressively as the BMI percentile increased from ≤5th percentile (2%) to ≥95th percentile (11%). After adjustment for gender, ethnicity, overweight, and age, the relative risk of hypertension was significant for gender (relative risk: 1.50; confidence interval: 1.15, 1.95) and overweight (relative risk: 3.26; confidence interval: 2.50, 4.24). Conclusions. These results confirm an evolving epidemic of cardiovascular risk in youth, as evidenced by an increase in the prevalence of overweight and hypertension, notably among ethnic minority children.

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  • Children with a BMI above the 95th percentile had a hypertension prevalence of 10.7% in one study, in contrast to children with a BMI below the 85th percentile, who had a hypertension prevalence of only 2.6%.

    “children with a BMI above the 95th percentile had a hypertension prevalence of 10.7% in one study; in contrast to children with a BMI below 85th percentile, who had a hypertension prevalence of only 2.6% [130].”

    From European guidelines on managing adverse effects of medication for ADHD (2011) · cites this paper as [130]

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Authors
Sorof, J. M., Lai, D., Turner, J., Poffenbarger, T., & Portman, R. J.
Affiliations
  • The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (US)
  • Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Hypertension
Corresponding author
Poffenbarger, Tim
ORCID
Lai, Dejian
Venue
Pediatrics
Publisher
American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)
Published
2004-03-01
Volume
113
Issue
3
Pages
475-482
ISSN
  • 0031-4005 (ISSN-L)
  • 1098-4275
DOI
10.1542/peds.113.3.475
OpenAlex
W2028683954
Cited by
1,075
References
26
Citations by year
2026: 8 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 36 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 34 · 2019: 35 · 2018: 35 · 2017: 49 · 2016: 65 · 2015: 60 · 2014: 68 · 2013: 87 · 2012: 78
FWCI
27.24
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • PEDIATRICS (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (5k23hl004217-02)
  • National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (K23 HL04217-01A1)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Function and Risk Factors
Keywords
pediatric hypertension, childhood overweight, body mass index, ethnicity, Hispanic children, African American children, gender differences, prevalence
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Blood Pressure, Child, Female, Humans, Hypertension, Male, Obesity, Texas, Body Mass Index, Prevalence

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