Prenatal Airborne Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Exposure and Child IQ at Age 5 Years
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the relationship between prenatal exposure to airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and child intelligence. METHODS: Children of nonsmoking black or Dominican-American women residing in New York City were monitored from in utero to 5 years of age, with determination of prenatal PAH exposure through personal air monitoring for the mothers during pregnancy. At 5 years of age, intelligence was assessed for 249 children by using the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence-Revised. Multivariate linear regression models were used to estimate and to test the associations between prenatal PAH exposure and IQ. RESULTS: After adjustment for maternal intelligence, quality of the home caretaking environment, environmental tobacco smoke exposure, and other potentially confounding factors, high PAH levels (above the median of 2.26 ng/m3) were inversely associated with full-scale IQ (P = .007) and verbal IQ (P = .003) scores. Children in the high-exposure group had full-scale and verbal IQ scores that were 4.31 and 4.67 points lower, respectively, than those of less-exposed children (≤2.26 ng/m3). The associations between logarithmically transformed, continuous, PAH levels and these IQ measures also were significant (full-scale IQ: β = −3.00; P = .009; verbal IQ: β = −3.53; P = .002). CONCLUSION: These results provide evidence that environmental PAHs at levels encountered in New York City air can affect children's IQ adversely.
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Neurodevelopmental effects of prenatal and/or early life exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons may be mediated by epigenetic effects.
“Neurodevelopmental effects of prenatal and/or early life exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons may be mediated by epigenetic effects (93).”
From Gene × Environment Interactions in Autism Spectrum Disorders: Role of Epigenetic Mechanisms (2014) · cites this paper as [93]
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- Authors
- Perera, F. P., Li, Z., Whyatt, R., Hoepner, L., Wang, S., Camann, D., & Rauh, V.
- Affiliations
- Columbia University (US)
- Southwest Research Institute (US)
- Venue
- Pediatrics
- Publisher
- American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)
- Published
- 2009-08-01
- Volume
- 124
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- e195-e202
- ISSN
- 0031-4005 (ISSN-L)
- 1098-4275
- PMC
- PMC2864932
- OpenAlex
- W2168816058
- Cited by
- 420
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 26 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 26 · 2015: 48 · 2014: 35 · 2013: 29 · 2012: 23
- FWCI
- 16.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- PEDIATRICS (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- SUNY Digital Repository Support (State University of New York System) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (ES09089, R827027, RR00645, 8260901)
- Educational Foundation of America
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA027100)
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (R01ES012468, 5 P01 ES09600, 5 R01 ES08977, ES 09089, R01 ES111158, P01ES009600, R01ES008977, R01ES011158, P30ES009089)
- National Center for Research Resources (RR 00645, M01RR000645)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Air Quality and Health Impacts
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Environmental Justice and Health Disparities
- Keywords
- polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, prenatal exposure, child intelligence, IQ, verbal IQ, Full Scale IQ, environmental tobacco smoke, maternal intelligence, urban air pollution, New York City
- MeSH terms
- Air Pollutants, Black or African American, Child, Preschool, Dominican Republic, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Hispanic or Latino, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Intelligence, New York City, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Pregnancy, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Urban Population, Wechsler Scales, Black People
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