Cited by 260Congenital Heart Disease StudiesCardiovascular Conditions and TreatmentsCardiac and Coronary Surgery Techniques

A Systematic Review of Motor and Cognitive Outcomes After Early Surgery for Congenital Heart Disease

Snookes, Suzanne H., Gunn, Julia K., Eldridge, Bev J., Donath, Susan M., Hunt, Rod W., Galea, Mary P., Shekerdemian, Lara·2010·Pediatrics

Abstract

CONTEXT: Brain injury is the most common long-term complication of congenital heart disease requiring surgery during infancy. It is clear that the youngest patients undergoing cardiac surgery, primarily neonates and young infants, are at the greatest risk for brain injury. Developmental anomalies sustained early in life have lifelong repercussions. OBJECTIVE: We conducted a systematic review to examine longitudinal studies of cognitive and/or motor outcome after cardiac surgery during early infancy. METHODS: Electronic searches were performed in Medline, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (Cinahl), and Embase (1998–2008). The search strategy yielded 327 articles, of which 65 were reviewed. Eight cohorts provided prospective data regarding the cognitive and/or motor outcome of infants who had undergone surgery for congenital heart disease before 6 months of age. Two authors, Ms Snookes and Dr Gunn, independently extracted data and presented results according to 3 subgroups for age of follow-up: early development (1 to <3 years); preschool age (3–5 years); and school age (>5 to 17 years). Weighted analysis was undertaken to pool the results of studies when appropriate. RESULTS: All of the identified studies reported results of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development for children younger than the age of 3. Outcome data as reported by the Bayley Scales were combined for infants assessed at 1 year of age, revealing a weighted mean Mental Development Index of 90.3 (95% confidence interval: 88.9–91.6) and Psychomotor Development Index of 78.1 (95% confidence interval: 76.4–79.7). Additional analysis was limited by a lack of data at preschool and school age. CONCLUSIONS: With this review we identified a limited number of prospective studies that systematically addressed outcome in patients at the highest risk. These studies consistently revealed cognitive and motor delay in children after cardiac surgery during early infancy. Additional investigation is required to ascertain the consequences of such impairment during later childhood and into adult life.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1542/peds.2009-1959

Cites

97 of 97 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Cites

1 retracted

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Snookes, S. H., Gunn, J. K., Eldridge, B. J., Donath, S. M., Hunt, R. W., Galea, M. P., & Shekerdemian, L.
Affiliations
  • Royal Children's Hospital (AU)
  • The University of Melbourne (AU)
  • Physiotherapy Department,
Venue
Pediatrics
Published
2010-04-01
Volume
125
Issue
4
Pages
e818-e827
ISSN
  • 0031-4005 (ISSN-L)
  • 1098-4275
OpenAlex
W2089302746
Cited by
260
References
97
Citations by year
2026: 6 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 17
FWCI
1.66
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • PEDIATRICS (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Congenital Heart Disease Studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Cardiovascular Conditions and Treatments
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Cardiac and Coronary Surgery Techniques
Keywords
congenital heart disease, neonatal cardiac surgery, infant cardiac surgery, brain injury, cognitive outcomes, motor outcome, developmental delay, Bayley Scales of Infant Development, long-term outcomes, mental development index, psychomotor development index
MeSH terms
Age Factors, Cognition Disorders, Heart Defects, Congenital, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Longitudinal Studies, Postoperative Complications, Treatment Outcome, Motor Skills Disorders

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review