The DOI matches its Crossref record; 86 of the 87 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Anxiety in Children With High-Functioning Autism: A Meta-analysis
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Anxiety is a common and impairing problem in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). There is emerging evidence that cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) could reduce anxiety in children with high-functioning ASD. OBJECTIVE: To systematically review the evidence of using CBT to treat anxiety in children and adolescents with ASD. Methods for this review were registered with PROSPERO (CRD42012002722). METHODS: We included randomized controlled trials published in English in peer-reviewed journals comparing CBT with another treatment, no treatment control, or waitlist control. Two authors independently screened 396 records obtained from database searches and hand searched relevant journals. Two authors independently extracted and reconciled all data used in analyses from study reports. RESULTS: Eight studies involving 469 participants (252 treatment, 217 comparison) met our inclusion criteria and were included in meta-analyses. Overall effect sizes for clinician- and parent-rated outcome measures of anxiety across all studies were d = 1.19 and d = 1.21, respectively. Five studies that included child self-report yielded an average d = 0.68 across self-reported anxiety. CONCLUSIONS: Parent ratings and clinician ratings of anxiety are sensitive to detecting treatment change with CBT for anxiety relative to waitlist and treatment-as-usual control conditions in children with high-functioning ASD. Clinical studies are needed to evaluate CBT for anxiety against attention control conditions in samples of children with ASD that are well characterized with regard to ASD diagnosis and co-occurring anxiety symptoms.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Adapted CBT interventions, group and individual, have been shown to be clinically effective for ameliorating anxiety in children and young people and adults. 35,36”
From Guided self-help for depression in autistic adults: The ADEPT feasibility RCT (2019) · cites this paper as [35]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“animal models of social behavior, including the mice used here, do not fully recapitulate the complexity and natural process in which humans interact, or capture the wide spectrum of behavioral phenotypes that are affected by ASD 14,48,49.”
From Reduced sociability and social agency encoding in adult Shank3-mutant mice are restored through gene re-expression in real time (2021) · cites this paper as [48]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: the PRISMA statement
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G., & for the PRISMA Group (2009) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.b2535 · Cited by 83,823
Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA Statement.
(2009) · PubMed Central · Cited by 44,859
Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta‐analysis
Higgins, J. P. T., & Thompson, S. G. (2002) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.1186 · Cited by 36,763
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., & Altman, D. G. (2009) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2009.06.005 · Cited by 19,575
Wang, G., Ma, R., Qiao, G., Wada, K., Aizawa, Y., & Satoh, T. (2015) · Integrative Medicine International · doi:10.1159/000368408 · Cited by 18,762
Assessing the quality of reports of randomized clinical trials: Is blinding necessary?
Jadad, A. R., Moore, R. A., Carroll, D., Jenkinson, C., Reynolds, D. J. M., Gavaghan, D. J., & McQuay, H. J. (1996) · Controlled Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/0197-2456(95)00134-4 · Cited by 17,582
Borenstein, M., Hedges, L. V., Higgins, J. P. T., & Rothstein, H. R. (2009) · doi:10.1002/9780470743386 · Cited by 14,225
Zhang, Q., Wang, C., Zheng, M., Li, Y., Li, J., Zhang, L., Shang, X., & Yan, C. (2014) · Cerebrovascular Diseases · doi:10.1159/000369778 · Cited by 11,609
Borenstein, M., Hedges, L. V., Higgins, J. P. T., & Rothstein, H. R. (2021) · doi:10.1002/9781119558378 · Cited by 9,799
(2000) · Cited by 9,198
Research works printed but not linked: 8
- [19]McDougle CJ, Stigler KA, Erickson CA, Posey DJ. Atypical antipsychotics in children and adolescents with autistic and other pervasive developmental disorders. J Clin Psychiatry. 2008;69(suppl 4):15–20 [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- [22]Kendall PC. Guiding theory for therapy with children and adolescents. In: Kendall PC, ed. Child and Adolescent Therapy: Cognitive–Behavioral Procedures. 3rd ed New York: Guilford; 2006:3–30 [Google Scholar]
- [31]Silverman WK, Albano AM. Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule for DSM-IV, Child Version. New York: Oxford University Press; 1996 [Google Scholar]
- [72]Lyneham HJ, Abbott MJ, Wignall A, Rapee RM. The Cool Kids Family Program: Therapist Manual. Sydney, Australia: Macquarie University; 2003 [Google Scholar]
- [73]Wood JJ, McLeod BD. Child Anxiety Disorders: A Family-Based Treatment Manual. New York, NY: Norton; 2008 [Google Scholar]
- [74]Kendall PC, Hedtke KA. Cognitive–Behavioral Therapy for Anxious Children: Therapist Manual, 3rd ed. Ardmore, PA: Workbook Publishing; 2006 [Google Scholar]
- [75]Reaven J, Blakely-Smith A, Nichols S, Hepburn S. Facing Your Fears: Facilitator's Set. Baltimore, MD: Brookes Publishing; 2011 [Google Scholar]
- [76]Wood JJ, Drahota A. Behavioral Intervention for Anxiety in Children With Autism. Los Angeles, CA: University of California–Los Angeles; 2005 [Google Scholar]
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Identification, Evaluation, and Management of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Hyman, S. L., Levy, S. E., Myers, S. M., COUNCIL ON CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES, S. O. D. A. B. P., Kuo, D. Z., Apkon, S., Davidson, L. F., Ellerbeck, K. A., Foster, J. E. A., Noritz, G. H., et al. (2020) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2019-3447 · Cited by 1,798
Autism Spectrum Disorder: Classification, diagnosis and therapy
Sharma, S., Gonda, X., & Tarazi, F. I. (2018) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.05.007 · Cited by 745
Co-occurring psychiatric conditions in autism spectrum disorder
Rosen, T. E., Mazefsky, C. A., Vasa, R. A., & Lerner, M. D. (2018) · International Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/09540261.2018.1450229 · Cited by 325
Anxiety Levels in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Meta-Analysis
van Steensel, F. J. A., & Heeman, E. J. (2017) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-017-0687-7 · Cited by 269
Ung, D., Selles, R., Small, B. J., & Storch, E. A. (2015) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-014-0494-y · Cited by 231
Metadata
- Authors
- Sukhodolsky, D. G., Bloch, M. H., Panza, K. E., & Reichow, B.
- Affiliations
- Yale University (US)
- Venue
- Pediatrics
- Publisher
- American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)
- Published
- 2013-10-28
- Volume
- 132
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- e1341-e1350
- ISSN
- 0031-4005 (ISSN-L)
- 1098-4275
- PMC
- PMC3813396
- OpenAlex
- W2110855627
- Cited by
- 234
- References
- 87
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 31 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 6.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- PEDIATRICS (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Mental Health (K01MH079130, K23MH091240, R25MH077823)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD083881)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- cognitive behavioral therapy, anxiety, high-functioning autism, autism spectrum disorder, children, adolescents, treatment efficacy, child self-report, waitlist control
- MeSH terms
- Anxiety, Autistic Disorder, Child, Humans, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
