CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 157Child Nutrition and Water AccessPoverty, Education, and Child WelfareInfant Development and Preterm Care

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 28 of the 28 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Cognitive Deficit and Poverty in the First 5 Years of Childhood in Bangladesh

Hamadani, Jena D., Tofail, Fahmida, Huda, Syed N., Alam, Dewan S., Ridout, Deborah A., Attanasio, Orazio, Grantham-McGregor, Sally M.·2014·Pediatrics
DOI 10.1542/peds.2014-0694
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to determine the timing and size of the cognitive deficit associated with poverty in the first 5 years of life and to examine the role of parental characteristics, pre- and postnatal growth, and stimulation in the home in Bangladeshi children. We hypothesized that the effect of poverty on cognition begins in infancy and is mainly mediated by these factors. METHODS: We enrolled 2853 singletons, a subsample from a pregnancy supplementation trial in a poor rural area. We assessed mental development at 7, 18, and 64 months; anthropometry at birth, 12, 24, and 64 months; home stimulation at 18 and 64 months; and family’s socioeconomic background. In multiple regression analyses, we examined the effect of poverty at birth on IQ at 64 months and the extent that other factors mediated the effect. RESULTS: A mean cognitive deficit of 0.2 (95% confidence interval –0.4 to –0.02) z scores between the first and fifth wealth quintiles was apparent at 7 months and increased to 1.2 (95% confidence interval –1.3 to –1.0) z scores of IQ by 64 months. Parental education, pre- and postnatal growth in length, and home stimulation mediated 86% of the effects of poverty on IQ and had independent effects. Growth in the first 2 years had larger effects than later growth. Home stimulation had effects throughout the period. CONCLUSIONS: Effects of poverty on children’s cognition are mostly mediated through parental education, birth size, growth in the first 24 months, and home stimulation in the first 5 years.

Overview

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1542/peds.2014-0694

Cites

28 of 28 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Citations

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 7

  1. Caldwell, 2003, HOME Inventory Administration Manual, 1
  2. De Onis, 2006, WHO Child Growth Standards: Length/Height-for-Age, Weight-for-Age, Weight-for-Length, Weight-for-Height and Body Mass Index-for-Age: Methods and Development, 312
  3. Bayley, 1993, Bayley Scales of Infant Development (BSID-II)
  4. Cohen, 1983, Applied Multiple Regression/Correlation Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences
  5. Wooldridge, 2002, Econometric Analysis of Cross Section and Panel Data
  6. Psacharopoulos, 1993, Policy Research Working Papers, WPS 1067
  7. Halle, 2009, Disparities in Early Learning and Development: Lessons From the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study–Birth Cohort (ECLS-B)

Cited by

Sorted by citations

See all 157

Related

See all

Metadata

Authors
Hamadani, J. D., Tofail, F., Huda, S. N., Alam, D. S., Ridout, D. A., Attanasio, O., & Grantham-McGregor, S. M.
Affiliations
  • International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research (BD)
  • University of Dhaka (BD)
  • Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics,
  • University College London (GB)
  • Centre for International Health and Development, Institute of Child Health, and
ORCID
Venue
Pediatrics
Publisher
American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)
Published
2014-10-01
Volume
134
Issue
4
Pages
e1001-e1008
ISSN
  • 0031-4005 (ISSN-L)
  • 1098-4275
DOI
10.1542/peds.2014-0694
OpenAlex
W2002215450
Cited by
155
References
28
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 1
FWCI
9.31
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • PEDIATRICS (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
Funders
Economic and Social Research Council (ES/H021221/1, ES/K010700/1)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Child Nutrition and Water Access
  • Social Sciences › Development › Poverty, Education, and Child Welfare
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Infant Development and Preterm Care
Keywords
poverty, cognitive impairment, early childhood, IQ, parental education, fetal growth, postnatal growth, home stimulation, socioeconomic status, mediation, Bangladesh, rural children
MeSH terms
Adult, Anthropometry, Bangladesh, Child Development, Child, Preschool, Cognition Disorders, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Infant, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Poverty, Pregnancy, Socioeconomic Factors, Cohort Studies, Young Adult

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review