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Cited by 497Bone health and osteoporosis researchVitamin D Research StudiesForensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies

Optimizing Bone Health in Children and Adolescents

Golden, Neville H., Abrams, Steven A., COMMITTEE ON NUTRITION, Daniels, Stephen R., Abrams, Steven A., Corkins, Mark R., de Ferranti, Sarah D., Golden, Neville H. +2 more·2014·PEDIATRICS
DOI 10.1542/peds.2014-2173
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Abstract

The pediatrician plays a major role in helping optimize bone health in children and adolescents. This clinical report reviews normal bone acquisition in infants, children, and adolescents and discusses factors affecting bone health in this age group. Previous recommended daily allowances for calcium and vitamin D are updated, and clinical guidance is provided regarding weight-bearing activities and recommendations for calcium and vitamin D intake and supplementation. Routine calcium supplementation is not recommended for healthy children and adolescents, but increased dietary intake to meet daily requirements is encouraged. The American Academy of Pediatrics endorses the higher recommended dietary allowances for vitamin D advised by the Institute of Medicine and supports testing for vitamin D deficiency in children and adolescents with conditions associated with increased bone fragility. Universal screening for vitamin D deficiency is not routinely recommended in healthy children or in children with dark skin or obesity because there is insufficient evidence of the cost-benefit of such a practice in reducing fracture risk. The preferred test to assess bone health is dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, but caution is advised when interpreting results in children and adolescents who may not yet have achieved peak bone mass. For analyses, z scores should be used instead of T scores, and corrections should be made for size. Office-based strategies for the pediatrician to optimize bone health are provided. This clinical report has been endorsed by American Bone Health.

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  • During childhood and adolescence, it is necessary to engage in weight-bearing physical activities, such as running and jumping, in order to attain peak bone mass and maintain healthy bone mineral accrual.

    “During childhood and adolescence, it is necessary to engage in weight-bearing physical activities, such as running and jumping, in order to attain peak bone mass and maintain healthy bone mineral accrual.64–67”

    From Physical activity and health in Chinese children and adolescents: expert consensus statement (2020) (2020) · cites this paper as [65]

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Authors
Golden, N. H., Abrams, S. A., COMMITTEE ON NUTRITION, Daniels, S. R., Abrams, S. A., Corkins, M. R., de Ferranti, S. D., Golden, N. H., Magge, S. N., & Schwarzenberg, S. J.
ORCID
Venue
PEDIATRICS
Publisher
American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)
Published
2014-10-01
Volume
134
Issue
4
Pages
e1229-e1243
ISSN
  • 0031-4005 (ISSN-L)
  • 1098-4275
DOI
10.1542/peds.2014-2173
OpenAlex
W2132718347
Cited by
497
References
143
Citations by year
2026: 34 · 2025: 48 · 2024: 43 · 2023: 55 · 2022: 47 · 2021: 52 · 2020: 48 · 2019: 34 · 2018: 45 · 2017: 35 · 2016: 37 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 2
FWCI
5.55
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • PEDIATRICS (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Bone health and osteoporosis research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Vitamin D Research Studies
  • Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Archeology › Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies
Keywords
bone health, children, adolescents, bone acquisition, calcium intake, vitamin D, vitamin D deficiency screening, calcium supplementation, weight-bearing exercise, peak bone mass, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, fracture risk, dark skin, obesity, pediatrician role
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Calcium, Dietary, Child, Female, Humans, Male, Vitamin D Deficiency, Exercise, Bone Density, Dietary Supplements, Risk Reduction Behavior, Fractures, Bone

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