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Cited by 174Gun Ownership and Violence ResearchCrime Patterns and InterventionsSuicide and Self-Harm Studies

Firearm Violence Among High-Risk Emergency Department Youth After an Assault Injury

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Carter, Patrick M., Walton, Maureen A., Roehler, Douglas R., Goldstick, Jason, Zimmerman, Marc A., Blow, Frederic C., Cunningham, Rebecca M.·2015·Pediatrics
DOI 10.1542/peds.2014-3572PMC PMC4411782
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Abstract

BACKGROUND: The risk for firearm violence among high-risk youth after treatment for an assault is unknown. METHODS: In this 2-year prospective cohort study, data were analyzed from a consecutive sample of 14- to 24-year-olds with drug use in the past 6 months seeking assault-injury care (AIG) at an urban level 1 emergency department (ED) compared with a proportionally sampled comparison group (CG) of drug-using nonassaulted youth. Validated measures were administered at baseline and follow-up (6, 12, 18, 24 months). RESULTS: A total of 349 AIG and 250 CG youth were followed for 24 months. During the follow-up period, 59% of the AIG reported firearm violence, a 40% higher risk than was observed among the CG (59.0% vs. 42.5%; relative risk [RR] = 1.39). Among those reporting firearm violence, 31.7% reported aggression, and 96.4% reported victimization, including 19 firearm injuries requiring medical care and 2 homicides. The majority with firearm violence (63.5%) reported at least 1 event within the first 6 months. Poisson regression identified baseline predictors of firearm violence, including male gender (RR = 1.51), African American race (RR = 1.26), assault-injury (RR = 1.35), firearm possession (RR = 1.23), attitudes favoring retaliation (RR = 1.03), posttraumatic stress disorder (RR = 1.39), and a drug use disorder (RR = 1.22). CONCLUSIONS: High-risk youth presenting to urban EDs for assault have elevated rates of subsequent firearm violence. Interventions at an index visit addressing substance use, mental health needs, retaliatory attitudes, and firearm possession may help decrease firearm violence among urban youth.

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  • The comprehensive and representative sample may account for the higher recurrent injury observed in this study compared to others reporting recurrent firearm injury ranging from one to 10% across a variety of clinical and geographic settings and time periods.

    “This may account for the higher recurrent injury observed in this study compared to others reporting recurrent firearm injury ranging from one to 10% across a variety of clinical and geographic settings and time periods.15,18,33-44”

    From Incidence of and Factors Associated With Recurrent Firearm Injury Among Patients Presenting to St. Louis Trauma Centers, 2010 to 2019 (2023) · cites this paper as [37]

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Research works printed but not linked: 8

  1. [9]Hemenway D, Miller M. Public health approach to the prevention of gun violence. N Engl J Med. 2013;368(21):2033–2035 [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
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Authors
Carter, P. M., Walton, M. A., Roehler, D. R., Goldstick, J., Zimmerman, M. A., Blow, F. C., & Cunningham, R. M.
Affiliations
University of Michigan (US)
ORCID
Venue
Pediatrics
Publisher
American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)
Published
2015-05-01
Volume
135
Issue
5
Pages
805-815
ISSN
  • 0031-4005 (ISSN-L)
  • 1098-4275
DOI
10.1542/peds.2014-3572
PMC
PMC4411782
OpenAlex
W2162518069
Cited by
174
References
77
Citations by year
2026: 13 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 38 · 2021: 38 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 2
FWCI
7.87
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • PEDIATRICS (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • University of Michigan
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U01CE002698, 1R49CE002099, R49CE002099)
  • U.S. Public Health Service (R01 024646)
  • National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (T32AA007477)
  • National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA024646)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Health › Gun Ownership and Violence Research
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Crime Patterns and Interventions
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
Keywords
gun violence, assault injuries, at-risk youth, drug use, emergency department care, post-traumatic stress disorder, firearm possession, victimization, aggression, homicide, urban youth, substance use disorders
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Emergency Service, Hospital, Female, Humans, Male, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Time Factors, Violence, Wounds, Gunshot, Cohort Studies, Substance-Related Disorders, Young Adult

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