COVID-19 Vaccine Breakthrough Infections Reported to CDC — United States, January 1–April 30, 2021
Open accessAbstract
COVID-19 vaccines are a critical tool for controlling the ongoing global pandemic. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has issued Emergency Use Authorizations for three COVID-19 vaccines for use in the United States.* In large, randomized-controlled trials, each vaccine was found to be safe and efficacious in preventing symptomatic, laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 (1-3). Despite the high level of vaccine efficacy, a small percentage of fully vaccinated persons (i.e. received all recommended doses of an FDA-authorized COVID-19 vaccine) will develop symptomatic or asymptomatic infections with SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19 (2-8).
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In April 2021, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention issued a notice that breakthrough infections of COVID-19 in vaccinated individuals would no longer be recorded unless the cases were hospitalized.
“In April 2021, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a notice that breakthrough infections of COVID-19 in vaccinated individuals would no longer be recorded unless the cases were hospitalized [36].”
From Relative risk reduction: Misinformative measure in clinical trials and COVID-19 vaccine efficacy (2022) · cites this paper as [36]
The report’s main text says that beginning May 1, 2021, CDC stopped monitoring all reported breakthrough infections and focused its investigations on patients who were hospitalized or died. It does not establish that CDC issued the notice in April, and the claim omits deaths and overstates the change as an end to recording other cases: the report says CDC would continue studies collecting information on breakthrough infections regardless of clinical status. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Safety and Efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine
Polack, F. P., Thomas, S. J., Kitchin, N., Absalon, J., Gurtman, A., Lockhart, S., Perez, J. L., Pérez Marc, G., Moreira, E. D., Zerbini, C., et al. (2020) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2034577 · Cited by 14,592 · see citing works
Efficacy and Safety of the mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine
Baden, L. R., El Sahly, H. M., Essink, B., Kotloff, K., Frey, S., Novak, R., Diemert, D., Spector, S. A., Rouphael, N., Creech, C. B., et al. (2021) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2035389 · Cited by 10,119 · see citing works
Safety and Efficacy of Single-Dose Ad26.COV2.S Vaccine against Covid-19
Sadoff, J., Gray, G., Vandebosch, A., Cárdenas, V., Shukarev, G., Grinsztejn, B., Goepfert, P. A., Truyers, C., Fennema, H., Spiessens, B., et al. (2021) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2101544 · Cited by 2,397 · see citing works
Haas, E. J., Angulo, F. J., McLaughlin, J. M., Anis, E., Singer, S. R., Khan, F., Brooks, N., Smaja, M., Mircus, G., Pan, K., et al. (2021) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(21)00947-8 · Cited by 1,564 · see citing works
Thompson, M. G., Burgess, J. L., Naleway, A. L., Tyner, H. L., Yoon, S. K., Meece, J., Olsho, L. E. W., Caban-Martinez, A. J., Fowlkes, A., Lutrick, K., et al. (2021) · MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report · doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm7013e3 · Cited by 707 · see citing works
Tenforde, M. W., Olson, S. M., Self, W. H., Talbot, H. K., Lindsell, C. J., Steingrub, J. S., Shapiro, N. I., Ginde, A. A., Douin, D. J., Prekker, M. E., et al. (2021) · MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report · doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm7018e1 · Cited by 284 · see citing works
Wallace, M. M., Woodworth, K. R., Gargano, J. W., Scobie, H. M., Blain, A. E., Moulia, D., Chamberland, M. E., Reisman, N., Hadler, S. C., MacNeil, J. R., et al. (2021) · MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report · doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm7020e1 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Rapid, Sensitive, Full-Genome Sequencing of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2
Paden, C. R., Tao, Y., Queen, K. J., Zhang, J., Li, Y., Uehara, A., & Tong, S. (2020) · Emerging infectious diseases · doi:10.3201/eid2610.201800 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Tande, A. J., Pollock, B. D., Shah, N. D., Farrugia, G., Virk, A., Swift, M., Breeher, L., Binnicker, M., & Berbari, E. F. (2022) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/ciab229 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Swift, M. D., Breeher, L. E., Tande, A. J., Tommaso, C. P., Hainy, C. M., Chu, H., Murad, M. H., Berbari, E. F., & Virk, A. (2021) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/ciab361 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 11 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Association Between mRNA Vaccination and COVID-19 Hospitalization and Disease Severity
Tenforde, M. W., Self, W. H., Adams, K., Gaglani, M., Ginde, A. A., McNeal, T., Ghamande, S., Douin, D. J., Talbot, H. K., Casey, J. D., et al. (2021) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2021.19499 · Cited by 633 · see citing works
Puhach, O., Adea, K., Hulo, N., Sattonnet‐Roche, P., Genecand, C. B., Iten, A., Jacquérioz, F., Kaiser, L., Vetter, P., Eckerle, I., et al. (2022) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-022-01816-0 · Cited by 360 · see citing works
Chia, P. Y., Ong, S. W. X., Chiew, C. J., Ang, L. W., Chavatte, J., Mak, T. M., Cui, L., Kalimuddin, S., Chia, W. N., Tan, C. W., et al. (2021) · Clinical Microbiology and Infection · doi:10.1016/j.cmi.2021.11.010 · Cited by 331 · see citing works
Sun, J., Zheng, Q., Madhira, V., Olex, A. L., Anzalone, A. J., Vinson, A. J., Singh, J. A., French, E., Abraham, A. G., Mathew, J., et al. (2021) · JAMA Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2021.7024 · Cited by 266 · see citing works
SARS-CoV-2 vaccine protection and deaths among US veterans during 2021
Cohn, B. A., Cirillo, P. M., Murphy, C. C., Krigbaum, N. Y., & Wallace, A. W. (2021) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.abm0620 · Cited by 242 · see citing works
Sex Differences in Immunity to Viral Infections
Jacobsen, H., & Klein, S. L. (2021) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.720952 · Cited by 234 · see citing works
Risk of Breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 Infections in Adult Transplant Recipients
Qin, C. X., Moore, L. W., Anjan, S., Rahamimov, R., Sifri, C. D., Ali, N. M., Morales, M. K., Tsapepas, D. S., Bašić‐Jukić, N., Miller, R. A., et al. (2021) · Transplantation · doi:10.1097/tp.0000000000003907 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Christensen, P. A., Olsen, R. J., Long, S. W., Subedi, S., Davis, J. J., Hodjat, P., Walley, D. R., Kinskey, J. C., Saavedra, M. O., Pruitt, L., et al. (2021) · American Journal Of Pathology · doi:10.1016/j.ajpath.2021.10.019 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Wang, L., Wang, Q., Davis, P. B., Volkow, N. D., & Xu, R. (2021) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.20921 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Griffin, J. B., Haddix, M., Danza, P., Fisher, R., Koo, T. H., Traub, E., Gounder, P., Jarashow, C., & Balter, S. (2021) · MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report · doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm7034e5 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
COVID-19 reinfections among naturally infected and vaccinated individuals
Rahman, S., Rahman, M. M., Miah, M., Begum, M. N., Sarmin, M., Mahfuz, M., Hossain, M. E., Rahman, M. Z., Chisti, M. J., Ahmed, T., et al. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-05325-5 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Sexual dimorphism in COVID-19: potential clinical and public health implications
Bechmann, N., Barthel, A., Schedl, A., Herzig, S., Varga, Z., Gebhard, C., Mayr, M., Hantel, C., Beuschlein, F., Wolfrum, C., et al. (2022) · Publikationen an der Universität Bielefeld (Universität Bielefeld) · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Sexual dimorphism in COVID-19: potential clinical and public health implications
Bechmann, N., Barthel, A., Schedl, A., Herzig, S., Varga, Z., Gebhard, C., Mayr, M., Hantel, C., Beuschlein, F., Wolfrum, C., et al. (2022) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(21)00346-6 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Savela, E. S., Winnett, A. V., Romano, A. E., Porter, M. K., Shelby, N., Akana, R., Ji, J., Cooper, M. M., Schlenker, N. W., Reyes, J. A., et al. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Microbiology · doi:10.1128/jcm.01785-21 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Age-Dependent Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 and P.1 Variant by Vaccine Immune Serum Samples
Bates, T. A., Leier, H. C., Lyski, Z. L., Goodman, J. R., Curlin, M. E., Messer, W. B., & Tafesse, F. G. (2021) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2021.11656 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Gupta, N., Kaur, H., Yadav, P., Mukhopadhyay, L., Sahay, R., Kumar, A., Nyayanit, D. A., Shete, A., Patil, S., Majumdar, T., et al. (2021) · Viruses · doi:10.3390/v13091782 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Wang, W. J., Kaelber, D. C., Xu, R., & Berger, N. A. (2022) · JAMA Oncology · doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2022.1096 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Coburn, S. B., Humes, E., Lang, R., Stewart, C., Hogan, B., Gebo, K. A., Napravnik, S., Edwards, J. K., Browne, L., Park, L. S., et al. (2022) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.15934 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Borsche, L., Glauner, B., & von Mendel, J. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13103596 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Rasmy, L., Nigo, M., Kannadath, B. S., Xie, Z., Mao, B., Patel, K., Zhou, Y., Zhang, W., Ross, A., Xu, H., et al. (2022) · The Lancet Digital Health · doi:10.1016/s2589-7500(22)00049-8 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Abu-Raddad, L. J., Chemaitelly, H. S., Ayoub, H. H., Tang, P., Coyle, P. V., Hasan, M. R., Yassine, H. M., Benslimane, F. M., Al-Khatib, H. A., Kanaani, Z. A., et al. (2022) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-022-28199-7 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Wang, L., Kaelber, D. C., Xu, R., & Berger, N. A. (2022) · Blood Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.blre.2022.100931 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Cook, C., Patel, N. J., D’Silva, K. M., Hsu, T. Y. T., DiIorio, M. A., Prisco, L. C., Martin, L. W., Vanni, K. M. M., Zaccardelli, A., Todd, D. J., et al. (2021) · Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases · doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-221326 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
COVID-19: stigmatising the unvaccinated is not justified
Kampf, G. (2021) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(21)02243-1 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Hatmal, M. M., Al-Hatamleh, M. A. I., Olaimat, A. N., Mohamud, R., Fawaz, M. A., Kateeb, E. T., Alkhairy, O. K., Tayyem, R., Lounis, M., Al‐Raeei, M., et al. (2022) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines10030366 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Liu, C., Lee, J., Ta, C., Soroush, A., Rogers, J. R., Kim, J. H., Natarajan, K., Zucker, J. E., Perl, Y., & Weng, C. (2022) · JMIR Public Health and Surveillance · doi:10.2196/35311 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Role of Senescence and Aging in SARS-CoV-2 Infection and COVID-19 Disease
Lynch, S. M., Guo, G., Gibson, D. S., Bjourson, A. J., & Singh, T. (2021) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells10123367 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
SARS-CoV-2 variants, immune escape, and countermeasures
Zhang, Y., Zhang, H. C., & Zhang, W. (2022) · Frontiers of Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11684-021-0906-x · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Virological characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine breakthrough infections in health care workers
Shamier, M. C., Tostmann, A., Bogers, S., de Wilde, J., IJpelaar, J., van der Kleij, W. A., de Jager, H., Haagmans, B. L., Molenkamp, R., Oude Munnink, B. B., et al. (2021) · doi:10.1101/2021.08.20.21262158 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Reno, C., Maietti, E., Valerio, Z. D., Montalti, M., Fantini, M. P., & Gori, D. (2021) · Infectious Disease Reports · doi:10.3390/idr13030066 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
SARS-CoV-2 immune repertoire in MIS-C and pediatric COVID-19
Ravichandran, S., Tang, J., Grubbs, G., Lee, Y., Pourhashemi, S., Hussaini, L., Lapp, S. A., Jerris, R. C., Singh, V., Chahroudi, A., et al. (2021) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41590-021-01051-8 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Multiple COVID-19 Waves and Vaccination Effectiveness in the United States
Lin, L., Zhao, Y., Chen, B., & He, D. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19042282 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
College openings in the United States increase mobility and COVID-19 incidence
Andersen, M. S., Bento, A. I., Basu, A., Marsicano, C. R., & Simon, K. I. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0272820 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Cost-effectiveness analysis of BNT162b2 COVID-19 booster vaccination in the United States
Li, R., Liu, H., Fairley, C. K., Zou, Z., Xie, L., Li, X., Shen, M., Li, Y., & Zhang, L. (2022) · International Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2022.03.029 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Tam, C. C., Qiao, S., & Li, X. (2021) · Psychology Health & Medicine · doi:10.1080/13548506.2021.1983185 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Canaday, D. H., Oyebanji, O. A., White, E. M., Keresztesy, D., Payne, M., Wilk, D. J., Carias, L. L., Aung, H., Denis, K. S., Sheehan, M. L., et al. (2022) · EBioMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104066 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Postvaccination COVID‐19 infection is associated with reduced mortality in patients with cirrhosis
John, B. V., Deng, Y., Schwartz, K. B., Taddei, T. H., Kaplan, D. E., Martin, P. B., Chao, H., & Dahman, B. A. (2022) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.32337 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Dominance of Alpha and Iota variants in SARS-CoV-2 vaccine breakthrough infections in New York City
Duerr, R., Dimartino, D., Marier, C., Zappile, P., Wang, G., Lighter, J., Elbel, B. D., Troxel, A. B., & Heguy, A. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci152702 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccine (Covaxin) against breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection in India
Behera, P., Singh, A. K., Subba, S. H., Arjun, M. C., Sahu, D. P., Chandanshive, P. D., Pradhan, S. K., Parida, S. P., Mishra, A., Patro, B. K., et al. (2022) · Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics · doi:10.1080/21645515.2022.2034456 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Severe breakthrough COVID-19 cases in the SARS-CoV-2 delta (B.1.617.2) variant era
Wang, S. Y., Juthani, P. V., Borges, K. A., Shallow, M., Gupta, A. K., Price, C. C., Won, C. H. J., & Chun, H. J. (2021) · The Lancet Microbe · doi:10.1016/s2666-5247(21)00306-2 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Ahmad, L. (2021) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.742167 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Zhou, R., Wang, P., Wong, Y.-C., Xu, H., Lau, S.-Y., Liu, L., Mok, B. W.-Y., Peng, Q., Liu, N., Woo, K. F., et al. (2021) · EBioMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103762 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
McEwen, A. E., Cohen, S., Bryson‐Cahn, C., Liu, C., Pergam, S. A., Lynch, J. B., Schippers, A., Strand, K., Whimbey, E. E., Mani, N. S., et al. (2021) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/ciab581 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Servellita, V., Morris, M. K., Sotomayor-González, A., Gliwa, A. S., Torres, E., Brazer, N., Zhou, A. Y., Hernandez, K., Sankaran, M., Wang, B., et al. (2022) · Nature Microbiology · doi:10.1038/s41564-021-01041-4 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Wang, L., Davis, P. B., Kaelber, D. C., & Xu, R. (2022) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.12669 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Moon, A. M., Webb, G. J., García‐Juárez, I., Kulkarni, A. V., Adalı, G., Wong, D., Lusina, B., Dalekos, G. Ν., Masson, S., Shore, B. M., et al. (2021) · Hepatology Communications · doi:10.1002/hep4.1853 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Potential Genes Associated with COVID-19 and Comorbidity
Feng, S., Song, F.-Q., Guo, W., Tan, J.-S., Zhang, X.-Q., Qiao, F., Guo, J.-L., Zhang, L., & Jia, X. (2022) · International Journal of Medical Sciences · doi:10.7150/ijms.67815 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Vignier, N., Bérot, V., Bonnave, N., Peugny, S., Ballet, M., Jacoud, E., Michaud, C., Gaillet, M., Djossou, F., Blanchet, D., et al. (2021) · Emerging infectious diseases · doi:10.3201/eid2710.211427 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Lang, R., Humes, E., Coburn, S. B., Horberg, M. A., Fathi, L., Watson, E. S., Jefferson, C. R., Park, L. S., Gordon, K. S., Akgün, K. M., et al. (2022) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.36397 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Monoclonal antibody therapies in the management of SARS-CoV-2 infection
Rey, E. M., Choi, D., Kim, S., Yoon, S., & Săndulescu, O. (2022) · Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs · doi:10.1080/13543784.2022.2030310 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Rzymski, P., Pazgan−Simon, M., Simon, K. A., Łapiński, T. W., Zarębska‐Michaluk, D., Szczepańska, B., Chojnicki, M., Mozer‐Lisewska, I., & Flisiak, R. (2021) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines9070781 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Will vaccine-derived protective immunity curtail COVID-19 variants in the US?
Mancuso, M., Eikenberry, S. E., & Gumel, A. B. (2021) · Infectious Disease Modelling · doi:10.1016/j.idm.2021.08.008 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Ma, H., Zhang, X., Zheng, P., Dube, P. H., Zeng, W., Chen, S., Cheng, Q., Yang, Y., Wu, Y., Zhou, J., et al. (2022) · Cell Research · doi:10.1038/s41422-022-00700-3 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Li, Y.-R., Dunn, Z. S., Garcia, G., Carmona, C., Zhou, Y., Lee, D. P. H., Yu, J., Huang, J., Kim, J. T., Arumugaswami, V., et al. (2022) · Stem Cell Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13287-022-02787-2 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Elucidating causes of COVID-19 infection and related deaths after vaccination
Jain, V. K., Iyengar, K. P., & Ish, P. (2021) · Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome Clinical Research & Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2021.102212 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Breakthrough COVID-19 and casirivimab-imdevimab treatment during a SARS-CoV-2 B1.617.2 (Delta) surge
Bierle, D. M., Ganesh, R., & Razonable, R. R. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Virology · doi:10.1016/j.jcv.2021.105026 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Anjan, S., Natori, Y., Betances, A. F., Agritelley, M. S., Mattiazzi, A. D., Arosemena, L. R., Andrews, D. M., Simkins, J., Guerra, G., & Abbo, L. M. (2021) · Transplantation · doi:10.1097/tp.0000000000003902 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Gopinath, S., Ishak, A., Dhawan, N., Poudel, S., Shrestha, P. S., Singh, P., Xie, E., Tahir, P., Marzaban, S., Michel, J., et al. (2022) · Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease · doi:10.3390/tropicalmed7050081 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Higher COVID-19 Vaccination Rates Are Associated with Lower COVID-19 Mortality: A Global Analysis
Hoxha, I. S., Agahi, R., Bimbashi, A., Aliu, M., Raka, L., Bajraktari, I., Beqiri, P., & Adams, L. V. (2022) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines11010074 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
RETRACTED: Why are we vaccinating children against COVID-19?
Kostoff, R. N., Călina, D. C., Kanduc, D., Briggs, M. B., Vlachoyiannopoulos, P. G., Svistunov, A. А., & Tsatsakis, A. M. (2021) · Toxicology Reports · doi:10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.08.010 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
RetractedVariants of concern responsible for SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine breakthrough infections from India
Singh, U. B., Rophina, M., Chaudhry, R., Senthivel, V., Bala, K., Bhoyar, R. C., Jolly, B., Jamshed, N., Imran, M., Gupta, R., et al. (2021) · Journal of Medical Virology · doi:10.1002/jmv.27461 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Legare, S., Heide, F., Bailey-Elkin, B. A., & Stetefeld, J. (2022) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101739 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Graso, M., Aquino, K. F., Chen, F. X., & Bardosh, K. (2023) · Journal of Medical Ethics · doi:10.1136/jme-2022-108825 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
A broadly neutralizing antibody protects Syrian hamsters against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron challenge
Zhou, B., Zhou, R., Tang, B., Chan, J. F., Luo, M., Peng, Q., Yuan, S., Liu, H., Mok, B. W.-Y., Chen, B., et al. (2022) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-022-31259-7 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Zhou, R., To, K. K., Peng, Q., Chan, J. M., Huang, H., Yang, D., Lam, B. H. S., Chuang, V. W., Cai, J., Liu, N., et al. (2022) · Clinical and Translational Medicine · doi:10.1002/ctm2.720 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
The intestinal microbiota and improving the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccinations
Chen, J., Vitetta, L., Henson, J. D., & Hall, S. (2021) · Journal of Functional Foods · doi:10.1016/j.jff.2021.104850 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Mutational dynamics of SARS-CoV-2: Impact on future COVID-19 vaccine strategies
Faraji, N., Zeinali, T., Joukar, F., Aleali, M. S., Eslami, N., Shenagari, M., & Mansour‐Ghanaei, F. (2024) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30208 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Olsen, R. J., Christensen, P. A., Long, S. W., Subedi, S., Hodjat, P., Olson, R., Nguyen, M., Davis, J. J., Yerramilli, P., Saavedra, M. O., et al. (2021) · American Journal Of Pathology · doi:10.1016/j.ajpath.2021.07.002 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Dash, G. C., Subhadra, S., Turuk, J., Parai, D., Rath, S., Sabat, J., Rout, U. K., Kanungo, S., Choudhary, H. R., Nanda, R. R., et al. (2021) · Journal of Medical Virology · doi:10.1002/jmv.27382 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Udoh, I. I., & Tinofirei, C. (2023) · Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine · doi:10.1177/23337214231152002 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Evaluating cepharanthine analogues as natural drugs against SARS‐CoV‐2
Hijikata, A., Shionyu‐Mitsuyama, C., Nakae, S., Shionyu, M., Ota, M., Kanaya, S., Hirokawa, T., Nakajima, S., Watashi, K., & Shirai, T. (2021) · FEBS Open Bio · doi:10.1002/2211-5463.13337 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Lawandi, A., Warner, S., Sun, J., Demirkale, C. Y., Danner, R. L., Klompas, M., Gundlapalli, A. V., Datta, D., Harris, A. M., Morris, S. B., et al. (2021) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/ciab671 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Disparities In County COVID-19 Vaccination Rates Linked To Disadvantage And Hesitancy
Crane, M. A., Faden, R., & Romley, J. A. (2021) · Health Affairs · doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2021.01092 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) Extracts-Suitable Pharmacological Interventions for COVID-19? A Review
Abraham, J., & Florentine, S. K. (2021) · Plants · doi:10.3390/plants10122600 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Dhumal, S. B., Patil, A., More, A. N., Kamtalwar, S., Joshi, A. D., Gokarn, A. G., Mirgh, S. P., Thatikonda, P., Bhat, P., Murthy, V., et al. (2022) · International Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2022.02.037 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Allen, N., Brady, M., Riain, U. N., Conlon, N. P., Domegan, L. M., Martín, A. I. C., Walsh, C., Doherty, L., Higgins, E., Kerr, C., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2021.758118 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Rabiu, M., Peter, O. J., & Oguntolu, F. A. (2023) · Healthcare Analytics · doi:10.1016/j.health.2023.100240 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Estofolete, C. F., Banho, C. Á., Campos, G. R. F., Marques, B. D. C., Sacchetto, L., Ullmann, L. S., Possebon, F. S., Machado, L. F., Syrio, J. D., Araújo, J. P., et al. (2021) · Viruses · doi:10.3390/v13071237 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Li, L., Han, Z., Qin, P., Liu, W., Zhou, Y., Chen, Z.-Q., Li, K., Xie, C., Ma, Y., Wang, H., et al. (2022) · PLoS neglected tropical diseases · doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0010048 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Bosch, W., Cowart, J. B., Bhakta, S., Carter, R. E., Wadei, H. M., Shah, S. Z., Sanghavi, D. K., Pollock, B. D., Neville, M. R., Oman, S. P., et al. (2021) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/ciab932 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Paltiel, A. D., & Schwartz, J. L. (2021) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/m21-2965 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Marra, A. R., Miraglia, J. L., Malheiros, D. T., Guozhang, Y., Teich, V., Victor, E. D. S., Pinho, J. R. R., Cypriano, A. S., Vieira, L. W., Polonio, M., et al. (2022) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/ciac430 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Needham, D. (2021) · Pharmaceutical Research · doi:10.1007/s11095-021-03112-x · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Ciccone, E. J., Conserve, D. F., Dave, G., Hornik, C. P. V., Kuhn, M. L., Herling, J. L., Song, M., Alston, S. M., Singler, L., Schmidt, M. D., et al. (2021) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-021-12007-w · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Human coronaviruses: The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 and management of COVID-19
Solomon, M., & Liang, C. (2022) · Virus Research · doi:10.1016/j.virusres.2022.198882 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Association Between Vaccination Status and Outcomes in Patients Admitted to the ICU With COVID-19*
van Diepen, S., McAlister, F. A., Chu, L. M., Youngson, E. R. E., Kaul, P., & Kadri, S. S. (2023) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/ccm.0000000000005928 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Guzmán-Martínez, O., Guardado, K., de Guevara, E. L., Navarro, S., Hernández, C., Zenteno-Cuevas, R., & Montero, H. (2021) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines9090999 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Hospitalized patients with breakthrough COVID-19: Clinical features and poor outcome predictors
Moreno, Ó., Ribes, I., Boix, V., García, M. Á. M., Otero-Rodríguez, S., Reus, S., Sánchez‐Martínez, R., Ramos, J. M., Chico-Sánchez, P., & Merino, E. (2022) · International Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2022.02.007 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Hu, Z., van der Ploeg, K., Chakraborty, S., Arunachalam, P. S., Mori, D. A., Jacobson, K. B., Bonilla, H. F., Parsonnet, J., Andrews, J. R., Holubar, M. K., et al. (2022) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.77943 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Connor, B. A., Couto-Rodriguez, M., Barrows, J., Gardner, M., Rogova, M., O’Hara, N. B., & Nagy‐Szakal, D. (2021) · International Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2021.07.029 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Symptomatic post-vaccination SARS-CoV-2 infections in healthcare workers– A multicenter cohort study
Vaishya, R., Sibal, A., Malani, A., Kar, S., Hari Prasad, K., Kiran, S. V., Reddy, S., Kamineni, S., Reddy, S., Reddy, P. A., et al. (2021) · Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome Clinical Research & Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2021.102306 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
COVID-19 Rebound After Paxlovid Treatment: A Case Series and Review of Literature
Alshanqeeti, S., & Bhargava, A. (2022) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.26239 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Stability and inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 on food contact surfaces
Jung, S., Kim, D., Ahn, H., Go, H., Wang, Z., Yeo, D., Woo, S., Seo, Y., Hossain, M. I., Choi, I., et al. (2022) · Food Control · doi:10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109306 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Vasilev, G., Kabakchieva, P., Miteva, D., Batselova, H., & Velikova, T. V. (2022) · World Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.4239/wjd.v13.i9.738 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Kigongo, E., Kabunga, A., Tumwesigye, R., Musinguzi, M., Izaruku, R., & Acup, W. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0289295 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Aljumah, A. A. (2021) · Electronics · doi:10.3390/electronics10151834 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Deng, X., Evdokimova, M., O’Brien, A., Rowe, C. L., Clark, N. M., Harrington, A., Reid, G., Uprichard, S. L., & Baker, S. C. (2021) · Viruses · doi:10.3390/v13091743 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Hewins, B., Rahman, M., Bermejo-Martín, J. F., Kelvin, A. A., Richardson, C. D., Rubino, S., Kumar, A., Ndishimye, P., Ostadgavahi, A. T., Mahmud-Al-Rafat, A., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Virology · doi:10.3389/fviro.2022.849936 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Kale, P. R., Gupta, E., Bihari, C., Patel, N., Rooge, S. B., Pandey, A. K., Bajpai, M., Khillan, V., Chattopadhyay, P., Devi, P., et al. (2021) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines10010054 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Saharia, K., Anjan, S., Streit, J. A., Beekmann, S. E., Polgreen, P. M., Kuehnert, M. J., Segev, D. L., Baddley, J. W., Miller, R. A., & the EIN COVID‐19 Study Team (2021) · Transplant Infectious Disease · doi:10.1111/tid.13774 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
- Authors
- CDC COVID-19 Vaccine Breakthrough Case Investigations Team, CDC COVID-19 Vaccine Breakthrough Case Investigations Team, Birhane, M., Bressler, S., Chang, G., Clark, T., Dorough, L., Fischer, M., Watkins, L. F., Goldstein, J. M., Kugeler, K., Langley, G., Lecy, K., Martin, S., Medalla, F., Mitruka, K., Nolen, L., Sadigh, K., Spratling, R., Thompson, G., & Trujillo, A.
- Corresponding author
- Fischer, Marc
- ORCID
- Venue
- MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
- Published
- 2021-05-28
- Volume
- 70
- Issue
- 21
- Pages
- 792-793
- ISSN
- 0149-2195 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-861X
- PMC
- PMC8158893
- OpenAlex
- W3165605711
- Cited by
- 421
- References
- 11
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 31 · 2023: 68 · 2022: 173 · 2021: 115
- FWCI
- 30.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Locations
- MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, public-domain)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Modeling and Simulation › COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Keywords
- SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 vaccines, vaccine efficacy, asymptomatic infection, emergency use authorization, vaccine safety, United States
- MeSH terms
- COVID-19, COVID-19 Vaccines, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S., Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, United States, Treatment Failure, Disease Notification
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
