The DOI matches its Crossref record; 50 of the 50 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Valuation Approaches and Metrics: A Survey of the Theory and Evidence
Open accessAbstract
Valuation lies at the heart of much of what we do in finance, whether it is the study of market efficiency and questions about corporate governance or the comparison of different investment decision rules in capital budgeting. In this paper, we consider the theory and evidence on valuation approaches. We begin by surveying the literature on discounted cash flow valuation models, ranging from the first mentions of the dividend discount model to value stocks to the use of excess return models in more recent years. In the second part of the paper, we examine relative valuation models and, in particular, the use of multiples and comparables in valuation and evaluate whether relative valuation models yield more or less precise estimates of value than discounted cash flow models. In the final part of the paper, we set the stage for further research in valuation by noting the estimation challenges we face as companies globalize and become exposed to risk in multiple countries.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The Cost of Capital, Corporation Finance and the Theory of Investment
Miller, M. H. (1958) · American Economic Review · Cited by 14,574
CORPORATE INCOME TAXES AND THE COST OF CAPITAL: A CORRECTION
Modigliani, F., & Merton, H. M. (1963) · Cited by 5,898
The general theory of employment
Keynes, J. M. (1937) · The Quarterly Journal of Economics · doi:10.2307/1882087 · Cited by 5,173
Do Stock Prices Move Too Much to be Justified by Subsequent Changes in Dividends?
Shiller, R. (1980) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w0456 · Cited by 3,986
Dividend yields and expected stock returns
Fama, E. F., & French, K. R. (1988) · Journal of Financial Economics · doi:10.1016/0304-405x(88)90020-7 · Cited by 3,556
Disappearing dividends: changing firm characteristics or lower propensity to pay?
Fama, E. F., & French, K. R. (2001) · Journal of Financial Economics · doi:10.1016/s0304-405x(01)00038-1 · Cited by 3,035
Liquidation Values and Debt Capacity: A Market Equilibrium Approach
SHLEIFER, A., & VISHNY, R. W. (1992) · The Journal of Finance · doi:10.1111/j.1540-6261.1992.tb04661.x · Cited by 2,893
Corporate finance and corporate governance
WILLIAMSON, O. E. (1988) · The Journal of Finance · doi:10.1111/j.1540-6261.1988.tb04592.x · Cited by 2,266
Valuation: Measuring and managing the value of companies
(1992) · Long Range Planning · doi:10.1016/0024-6301(92)90326-w · Cited by 2,261
Real Options: Managerial Flexibility and Strategy in Resource Allocation
Trigeorgis, L. G. (1996) · Cited by 2,224
Barth, M. E., Beaver, W. H., & Landsman, W. R. (2001) · Journal of Accounting and Economics · doi:10.1016/s0165-4101(01)00019-2 · Cited by 1,953
Mean Reversion in Stock Prices: Evidence and Implications
Poterba, J., & Summers, L. (1987) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w2343 · Cited by 1,875
PE Ratios, PEG Ratios, and Estimating the Implied Expected Rate of Return on Equity Capital
Easton, P. D. (2004) · The Accounting Review · doi:10.2308/accr.2004.79.1.73 · Cited by 1,749
The relevance of the value-relevance literature for financial accounting standard setting
Holthausen, R. W., & Watts, R. L. (2001) · Journal of Accounting and Economics · doi:10.1016/s0165-4101(01)00029-5 · Cited by 1,742
Financial Distress and Corporate Performance
OPLER, T. C., & TITMAN, S. (1994) · The Journal of Finance · doi:10.1111/j.1540-6261.1994.tb00086.x · Cited by 1,664
A Catering Theory of Dividends
Baker, M., & Wurgler, J. (2004) · The Journal of Finance · doi:10.1111/j.1540-6261.2004.00658.x · Cited by 1,324
Andrade, G., & Kaplan, S. N. (1998) · The Journal of Finance · doi:10.1111/0022-1082.00062 · Cited by 1,254
Lev, B. (1989) · Journal of Accounting Research · doi:10.2307/2491070 · Cited by 1,120
BANKRUPTCY COSTS: SOME EVIDENCE
Gruber, M. J., & Warner, J. B. (1977) · The Journal of Finance · doi:10.1111/j.1540-6261.1977.tb03274.x · Cited by 1,095
Accounting valuation, market expectation, and cross-sectional stock returns
Frankel, R., & Lee, C. M. C. (1998) · Journal of Accounting and Economics · doi:10.1016/s0165-4101(98)00026-3 · Cited by 1,082
The Investment, Financing, and Valuation of the Corporation
Santow, L. J., & Gordon, M. J. (1963) · Southern Economic Journal · doi:10.2307/1055208 · Cited by 958
The Theory and Measurement of Business Income
Edwards, E. O., & Bell, P. W. (1961) · University of California Press eBooks · doi:10.1525/9780520340626 · Cited by 938
An empirical assessment of the residual income valuation model
Dechow, P. M., Hutton, A. P., & Sloan, R. G. (1999) · Journal of Accounting and Economics · doi:10.1016/s0165-4101(98)00049-4 · Cited by 917
INTERACTIONS OF CORPORATE FINANCING AND INVESTMENT DECISIONS—IMPLICATIONS FOR CAPITAL BUDGETING
Myers, S. C. (1974) · The Journal of Finance · doi:10.1111/j.1540-6261.1974.tb00021.x · Cited by 755
Are dividends disappearing? Dividend concentration and the consolidation of earnings
DeAngelo, H., DeAngelo, L., & Skinner, D. J. (2004) · Journal of Financial Economics · doi:10.1016/s0304-405x(03)00186-7 · Cited by 746
Equity Valuation Using Multiples
Liu, J., Nissim, D., & Thomas, J. (2002) · Journal of Accounting Research · doi:10.1111/1475-679x.00042 · Cited by 723
What is the Intrinsic Value of the Dow?
Lee, C. M. C., Myers, J., & Swaminathan, B. (1999) · The Journal of Finance · doi:10.1111/0022-1082.00164 · Cited by 715
Fair Value Accounting: Evidence from Investment Securities and the Market Valuation of Banks.
Barth, M. E. (1994) · The Accounting Review · doi:10.2308/tar-9410256358 · Cited by 652
What's My Line? A Comparison of Industry Classification Schemes for Capital Market Research
Bhojraj, S., Lee, C. M. C., & Oler, D. K. (2003) · Journal of Accounting Research · doi:10.1046/j.1475-679x.2003.00122.x · Cited by 645
Investor valuation of the abandonment option
Berger, P. G., Ofek, E., & Swary, I. (1996) · Journal of Financial Economics · doi:10.1016/0304-405x(96)00877-x · Cited by 641
Barth, M. E., & Clinch, G. (1998) · Journal of Accounting Research · doi:10.2307/2491314 · Cited by 632
The Cross Section of Expected REIT Returns
Chui, A. C. W., Titman, S., & Wei, K. C. J. (2003) · Real Estate Economics · doi:10.1111/1540-6229.00073 · Cited by 518
The Valuation of Cash Flow Forecasts: An Empirical Analysis
KAPLAN, S. N., & RUBACK, R. S. (1995) · The Journal of Finance · doi:10.1111/j.1540-6261.1995.tb04050.x · Cited by 512
Appearing and disappearing dividends: The link to catering incentives
Baker, M., & Wurgler, J. (2004) · Journal of Financial Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jfineco.2003.08.001 · Cited by 466
Francis, J., Olsson, P., & Oswald, D. R. (2000) · Journal of Accounting Research · doi:10.2307/2672922 · Cited by 456
Value-Relevance of Banks' Fair Value Disclosures under SFAS No. 107.
Barth, M. E., & Beaver, W. H. (1996) · The Accounting Review · doi:10.2308/tar-9611271991 · Cited by 449
The Ohlson Model: Contribution to Valuation Theory, Limitations, and Empirical Applications
Lo, K., & Lys, T. Z. (2000) · Journal of Accounting Auditing & Finance · doi:10.1177/0148558x0001500311 · Cited by 323
Capital Cash Flows: A Simple Approach to Valuing Risky Cash Flows
Ruback, R. S. (2002) · Financial Management · doi:10.2307/3666224 · Cited by 298
(2000) · doi:10.1093/rfs/13.1.43 · Cited by 253
The Exact Sciences in Antiquity
Sloley, R. W., & Neugebauer, O. (1953) · The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology · doi:10.2307/3855334 · Cited by 252
Multiples Used to Estimate Corporate Value
Lie, E., & Lie, H. J. (2002) · Financial Analysts Journal · doi:10.2469/faj.v58.n2.2522 · Cited by 244
THE CONSENSUS AND ACCURACY OF SOME PREDICTIONS OF THE GROWTH OF CORPORATE EARNINGS
Cragg, J. G., & Malkiel, B. G. (1968) · The Journal of Finance · doi:10.1111/j.1540-6261.1968.tb02998.x · Cited by 217
Real Options and Investment under Uncertainty: Classical Readings and Recent ContributionsPreprint
Schwartz, E. S., & Trigeorgis, L. G. (2001) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 203
The value of tax shields is NOT equal to the present value of tax shields
Fernandez, P. (2004) · Journal of Financial Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jfineco.2002.10.001 · Cited by 171
Some Aspects of the Pure Theory of Capital
Samuelson, P. A. (1937) · The Quarterly Journal of Economics · doi:10.2307/1884837 · Cited by 147
Discounted Cash Flow in Historical Perspective
Parker, R. H. (1968) · Journal of Accounting Research · doi:10.2307/2490123 · Cited by 114
DIVIDEND POLICIES AND COMMON STOCK PRICES
Walter, J. E. (1956) · The Journal of Finance · doi:10.1111/j.1540-6261.1956.tb00684.x · Cited by 113
Campeau's acquisition of federated
(1989) · doi:10.1016/0304-405x(89)90081-0 · Cited by 106
PORTFOLIO ANALYSIS, STOCK VALUATION AND CAPITAL BUDGETING DECISION RULES FOR RISKY PROJECTS
Stapleton, R. C. (1971) · The Journal of Finance · doi:10.1111/j.1540-6261.1971.tb00592.x · Cited by 64
Metadata
- Authors
- Damodaran, A.
- Venue
- Foundations and Trends® in Finance
- Publisher
- Emerald
- Published
- 2007-04-11
- Volume
- 1
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 693-784
- ISSN
- 1567-2395 (ISSN-L)
- 1567-2409
- OpenAlex
- W2046141847
- Cited by
- 326
- References
- 50
- FWCI
- 34.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.