Bone graft substitutes
Abstract
The current gold standard of bone grafts is the autograft since it possesses all the characteristics necessary for new bone growth, namely osteoconductivity, osteogenicity and osteoinductivity. However, the autograft has its limitations, including donor-site morbidity and supply limitations, hindering this as an option for bone repair. An extensive list of currently available alternatives to bone grafts is provided, along with a classification scheme that divides these bone graft substitutes into five groups depending on the primary material composition: allograft, cell, factor, ceramic and polymer. Of the bone graft substitutes listed, several are discussed in detail. Beyond the current state of the art, attention is paid to what lies ahead in the field of bone graft substitutes. Biodegradable composite structures and various new architectures are discussed, as are newly developed polymeric materials, with tissue engineering providing the platform for future directions within this discipline.
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“Donor site morbidity from cortical or trabecular autografts and less-than-satis-factory outcomes from allogeneic demineralized bone matrix have driven the search for alternative systems that can promote safe and effective bone regeneration [4, 5].”
- Authors
- Laurencin, C., Khan, Y., & El-Amin, S. F.
- Affiliations
- University of Virginia (US)
- Venue
- Expert Review of Medical Devices
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2006-01
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 49-57
- ISSN
- 1743-4440 (ISSN-L)
- 1745-2422
- OpenAlex
- W2040247007
- Cited by
- 716
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 33 · 2023: 41 · 2022: 43 · 2021: 48 · 2020: 41 · 2019: 51 · 2018: 39 · 2017: 52 · 2016: 48 · 2015: 37 · 2014: 34 · 2013: 43 · 2012: 42
- FWCI
- 1.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Expert Review of Medical Devices (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Bone Tissue Engineering Materials
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Oral Surgery › Dental Implant Techniques and Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
- Keywords
- bone graft substitutes, allograft, growth factors, ceramic bone substitutes, osteoconductivity, osteoinductivity, donor site morbidity, biodegradable composites, tissue engineering scaffolds, bone regeneration
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Bone and Bones, Humans, Bone Transplantation, Bone Substitutes
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