Cited by 254Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic DiseasesCardiovascular Disease and AdiposityDiabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins

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Obesity, insulin resistance and comorbidities? Mechanisms of association

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Castro, Ana Valeria B., Kolka, Cathryn M., Kim, Stella P., Bergman, Richard N.·2014·Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia & Metabologia

DOI 10.1590/0004-2730000003223PMC PMC4423826

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Abstract

Overall excess of fat, usually defined by the body mass index, is associated with metabolic (e.g. glucose intolerance, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), dyslipidemia) and non-metabolic disorders (e.g. neoplasias, polycystic ovary syndrome, non-alcoholic fat liver disease, glomerulopathy, bone fragility etc.). However, more than its total amount, the distribution of adipose tissue throughout the body is a better predictor of the risk to the development of those disorders. Fat accumulation in the abdominal area and in non-adipose tissue (ectopic fat), for example, is associated with increased risk to develop metabolic and non-metabolic derangements. On the other hand, observations suggest that individuals who present peripheral adiposity, characterized by large hip and thigh circumferences, have better glucose tolerance, reduced incidence of T2DM and of metabolic syndrome. Insulin resistance (IR) is one of the main culprits in the association between obesity, particularly visceral, and metabolic as well as non-metabolic diseases. In this review we will highlight the current pathophysiological and molecular mechanisms possibly involved in the link between increased VAT, ectopic fat, IR and comorbidities. We will also provide some insights in the identification of these abnormalities.

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Authors: Castro, A. V. B., Kolka, C. M., Kim, S. P., & Bergman, R. N.
Affiliations: Universidade de São Paulo (BR)
Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (US)
ORCID: Castro, Ana Valeria B.
Kolka, Cathryn M.
Bergman, Richard N.
Venue: Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia & Metabologia
Publisher: FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
Published: 2014-08
Volume: 58
Issue: 6
Pages: 600-609
ISSN: 0004-2730 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1590/0004-2730000003223
PMC: PMC4423826
OpenAlex: W2065496456
Cited by: 254
References: 63
Citations by year: 2026: 6 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 35 · 2020: 37 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 10
FWCI: 1.96
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: diamond
doi.org
Licence: cc-by-nc
Locations: Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia & Metabologia (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Americanae (AECID Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
Funders: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R37DK027619, R01DK029867)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Disease and Adiposity
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
Keywords: obesity, insulin resistance, visceral adipose tissue, ectopic fat, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia, impaired glucose tolerance, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, polycystic ovary syndrome, comorbidities, body fat distribution
MeSH terms: Adipose Tissue, Animals, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Humans, Hyperinsulinism, Insulin Resistance, Mitochondria, Obesity, Oxidation-Reduction, Apoptosis, Oxidative Stress, Risk Assessment, Body Fat Distribution

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