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Obesity, insulin resistance and comorbidities? Mechanisms of association
Open accessAbstract
Overall excess of fat, usually defined by the body mass index, is associated with metabolic (e.g. glucose intolerance, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), dyslipidemia) and non-metabolic disorders (e.g. neoplasias, polycystic ovary syndrome, non-alcoholic fat liver disease, glomerulopathy, bone fragility etc.). However, more than its total amount, the distribution of adipose tissue throughout the body is a better predictor of the risk to the development of those disorders. Fat accumulation in the abdominal area and in non-adipose tissue (ectopic fat), for example, is associated with increased risk to develop metabolic and non-metabolic derangements. On the other hand, observations suggest that individuals who present peripheral adiposity, characterized by large hip and thigh circumferences, have better glucose tolerance, reduced incidence of T2DM and of metabolic syndrome. Insulin resistance (IR) is one of the main culprits in the association between obesity, particularly visceral, and metabolic as well as non-metabolic diseases. In this review we will highlight the current pathophysiological and molecular mechanisms possibly involved in the link between increased VAT, ectopic fat, IR and comorbidities. We will also provide some insights in the identification of these abnormalities.
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“corroborating the hypothesis that visceral obesity favors insulin resistance, as demonstrated in several previous studies [35,36,37].”
From MOSH Syndrome (Male Obesity Secondary Hypogonadism): Clinical Assessment and Possible Therapeutic Approaches (2018) · cites this paper as [37]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Castro, A. V. B., Kolka, C. M., Kim, S. P., & Bergman, R. N.
- Affiliations
- Universidade de São Paulo (BR)
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (US)
- Venue
- Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia & Metabologia
- Publisher
- FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
- Published
- 2014-08
- Volume
- 58
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 600-609
- ISSN
- 0004-2730 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4423826
- OpenAlex
- W2065496456
- Cited by
- 254
- References
- 63
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 35 · 2020: 37 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 10
- FWCI
- 1.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia & Metabologia (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Americanae (AECID Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Funders
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R37DK027619, R01DK029867)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Disease and Adiposity
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Keywords
- obesity, insulin resistance, visceral adipose tissue, ectopic fat, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia, impaired glucose tolerance, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, polycystic ovary syndrome, comorbidities, body fat distribution
- MeSH terms
- Adipose Tissue, Animals, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Humans, Hyperinsulinism, Insulin Resistance, Mitochondria, Obesity, Oxidation-Reduction, Apoptosis, Oxidative Stress, Risk Assessment, Body Fat Distribution
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