The DOI matches its Crossref record; 116 of the 116 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Cannabidiol: from an inactive cannabinoid to a drug with wide spectrum of action
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this review is to describe the historical development of research on cannabidiol. METHOD: This review was carried out on reports drawn from Medline, Web of Science and SciELO. DISCUSSION: After the elucidation of the chemical structure of cannabidiol in 1963, the initial studies showed that cannabidiol was unable to mimic the effects of Cannabis. In the 1970's the number of publications on cannabidiol reached a first peak, having the research focused mainly on the interaction with delta9-THC and its antiepileptic and sedative effects. The following two decades showed lower degree of interest, and the potential therapeutic properties of cannabidiol investigated were mainly the anxiolytic, antipsychotic and on motor diseases effects. The last five years have shown a remarkable increase in publications on cannabidiol mainly stimulated by the discovery of its anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and neuroprotective effects. These studies have suggested a wide range of possible therapeutic effects of cannabidiol on several conditions, including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, cerebral ischemia, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, other inflammatory diseases, nausea and cancer. CONCLUSION: In the last 45 years it has been possible to demonstrate that CBD has a wide range of pharmacological effects, many of which being of great therapeutic interest, but still waiting to be confirmed by clinical trials.
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“In conclusion, the experimental and clinical use of CBD, a compound that does not produce the typical subjective effects of marijuana induced by Δ9-THC, has clearly shown anxiolytic, antiepileptic, and antipsychotic properties, among other effects (2).”
From Translational investigation of the therapeutic potential of Cannabidiol (CBD): Toward a new age (2018) · cites this paper as [2]
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“In animal studies, CBD has similar effects to anxiolytic drugs in different paradigms including conditioned emotional response, the Vogel conflict test, and the elevated plus-maze test (Zuardi, 2008).”
From Cannabidiol Reduces the Anxiety Induced by Simulated Public Speaking in Treatment-Naïve Social Phobia Patients (2011) · cites this paper as Zuardi, 2008
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“cannabidiol (CBD), one major non-psychotomimetic compound of the plant, has psychological effects substantially different from those of 9-THC (Zuardi, 2008).”
From Cannabidiol Reduces the Anxiety Induced by Simulated Public Speaking in Treatment-Naïve Social Phobia Patients (2011) · cites this paper as Zuardi, 2008
In the citing paper
“These studies indicated that CBD had pharmacological effects of its own, which have been investigated since then and led to the current view that CBD actually has a broad spectrum of action (2).”
From Translational investigation of the therapeutic potential of Cannabidiol (CBD): Toward a new age (2018) · cites this paper as [2]
In the citing paper
“One of the most commonly observed effects of CBD at higher doses is sedation (2).”
From Translational investigation of the therapeutic potential of Cannabidiol (CBD): Toward a new age (2018) · cites this paper as [2]
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Citations
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Cited by
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Current Evidence of Cannabidiol's Potential as an Anxiolytic Agent
Rossi, G. N., Reis, J. A. S., Hallak, J. E. C., & SANTOS, R. G. D. (2023) · Psychiatric Annals · doi:10.3928/00485713-20230515-02
Neurociência do canabidiol – aspectos neurocognitivos, terapêuticos e comportamentais
Barbosa, F. C., Tadine, R. M., Rezende, J. D. P., Lopes, G. C. D., & Shiozawa, P. (2023) · OBSERVATÓRIO DE LA ECONOMÍA LATINOAMERICANA · doi:10.55905/oelv21n8-058
EXPLORANDO O POTENCIAL TERAPÊUTICO DOS CANABINOIDES EM DOENÇAS NEUROLÓGICAS
de Souza, G. H. L., Moreira, V. C., Moreira, P. P. P., de Assis, T. Q., da Costa, A. C. M. D. S. F., Romeiro, E. T., Duarte, G. E., Pinto, S. P. T., Pessoa, L. T. S., & Melo, R. P. D. S. (2023) · Revista Ibero-Americana de Humanidades, Ciências e Educação · doi:10.51891/rease.v9i7.10697
Catalepsia induzida por haloperidol: eficácia do canabigerol isolado e associado ao canabidiol
Silva, N. I. (2023) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/d.17.2023.tde-10112023-163259
ЕФЕКТИ І ТЕРАПЕВТИЧНИЙ ПОТЕНЦІАЛ КАНАБІДІОЛУ У РАЗІ КАРДІОВАСКУЛЯРНИХ ЗАХВОРЮВАНЬ
Shevchuk, M. M. (2023) · Health & Education · doi:10.32782/health-2023.4.14
O uso medicinal da cannabis: aspectos legais do acesso à medicação
Rauen, R. W., & Toporoski, E. L. (2024) · Academia de Direito · doi:10.24302/acaddir.v6.4982
Piloto, G. C., da Silva, J. C., Germann, K. C., & Czepula, A. I. D. S. (2024) · Research Society and Development · doi:10.33448/rsd-v13i12.47643
An Overview on Computational Methods Targeting the Endocannabinoid System
Marques, G., Santana, P. A. L., & de Oliveira, R. B. (2024) · Computer-aided drug discovery and design · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-76718-0_17
Turkki, T., Jankowski, M. M., Glac, W., Badtke, P., Saito, V. M., Swiergiel, A. H., & Ignatowska-Jankowska, B. M. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.02.24.639985
“Other shown benefits of CBD specifically are improved sleep and mood quality (Chagas et al., 2014, 2013; Notcutt et al., 2004; Serpell et al., 2014), as well as anxiolytic and antipsychotic effects (Crippa et al., 2018; Guimarães et al., 1990; Zuardi, 2008).”
Does marijuana work in pain of cancer origin?
Zemsta, K., Sobota, W., Zwoliński, M., Piskorz, P., Surdacka, L., Czernecki, K. T., Kulesza, B., & Tomasiuk, R. (2024) · Biuletyn Głównej Biblioteki Lekarskiej · doi:10.2478/bgbl-2024-0035
Aye, S. K., Sripattanakul, S., Daowtak, K., & Pilapong, C. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.07.18.665629
“CBD, one kind of phytocannabinoid (pCB), with positive effects on chronic major organ disease, aging, epilepsy, pain disorder, to sleep deprivation, can also regulate ECS via both cannabinoid receptors and other ECS pathways ( 25-27 ).”
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O USO DE CANABIDIOL (CBD) NO TRATAMENTO DE EPILEPSIA PEDIÁTRICA: UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA
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Metadata
- Authors
- Zuardi, A. W.
- Affiliations
- Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
- Venue
- Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria
- Publisher
- EDITORA SCIENTIFIC
- Published
- 2008-09
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 271-280
- ISSN
- 1516-4446 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2038532706
- Cited by
- 421
- References
- 116
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 39 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 32 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 35 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 30 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 26
- FWCI
- 13.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT) (publishedVersion)
- Americanae (AECID Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Medicinal Plant Extracts Effects
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Nigella sativa pharmacological applications
- Keywords
- cannabidiol, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, antiepileptic effect, anxiolytic effects, antipsychotic effects, neuroprotection, anti-inflammatory activity, antioxidant activity, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, cerebral ischemia, diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, cancer, nausea, therapeutic potential
- MeSH terms
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Antiemetics, Antineoplastic Agents, Antioxidants, Mental Disorders, Cannabidiol, Cannabis, Diabetes Mellitus, Humans, Parkinson Disease, Schizophrenia, Antipsychotic Agents, Anti-Anxiety Agents, Neuroprotective Agents, Biomedical Research
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