The DOI matches its Crossref record; 116 of the 116 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Cannabidiol: from an inactive cannabinoid to a drug with wide spectrum of action
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this review is to describe the historical development of research on cannabidiol. METHOD: This review was carried out on reports drawn from Medline, Web of Science and SciELO. DISCUSSION: After the elucidation of the chemical structure of cannabidiol in 1963, the initial studies showed that cannabidiol was unable to mimic the effects of Cannabis. In the 1970's the number of publications on cannabidiol reached a first peak, having the research focused mainly on the interaction with delta9-THC and its antiepileptic and sedative effects. The following two decades showed lower degree of interest, and the potential therapeutic properties of cannabidiol investigated were mainly the anxiolytic, antipsychotic and on motor diseases effects. The last five years have shown a remarkable increase in publications on cannabidiol mainly stimulated by the discovery of its anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and neuroprotective effects. These studies have suggested a wide range of possible therapeutic effects of cannabidiol on several conditions, including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, cerebral ischemia, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, other inflammatory diseases, nausea and cancer. CONCLUSION: In the last 45 years it has been possible to demonstrate that CBD has a wide range of pharmacological effects, many of which being of great therapeutic interest, but still waiting to be confirmed by clinical trials.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“In conclusion, the experimental and clinical use of CBD, a compound that does not produce the typical subjective effects of marijuana induced by Δ9-THC, has clearly shown anxiolytic, antiepileptic, and antipsychotic properties, among other effects (2).”
From Translational investigation of the therapeutic potential of Cannabidiol (CBD): Toward a new age (2018) · cites this paper as [2]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“In animal studies, CBD has similar effects to anxiolytic drugs in different paradigms including conditioned emotional response, the Vogel conflict test, and the elevated plus-maze test (Zuardi, 2008).”
From Cannabidiol Reduces the Anxiety Induced by Simulated Public Speaking in Treatment-Naïve Social Phobia Patients (2011) · cites this paper as Zuardi, 2008
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“cannabidiol (CBD), one major non-psychotomimetic compound of the plant, has psychological effects substantially different from those of 9-THC (Zuardi, 2008).”
From Cannabidiol Reduces the Anxiety Induced by Simulated Public Speaking in Treatment-Naïve Social Phobia Patients (2011) · cites this paper as Zuardi, 2008
In the citing paper
“These studies indicated that CBD had pharmacological effects of its own, which have been investigated since then and led to the current view that CBD actually has a broad spectrum of action (2).”
From Translational investigation of the therapeutic potential of Cannabidiol (CBD): Toward a new age (2018) · cites this paper as [2]
In the citing paper
“One of the most commonly observed effects of CBD at higher doses is sedation (2).”
From Translational investigation of the therapeutic potential of Cannabidiol (CBD): Toward a new age (2018) · cites this paper as [2]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Krystal, J. H. (1994) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1994.03950030035004 · Cited by 3,330
Isolation, Structure, and Partial Synthesis of an Active Constituent of Hashish
Gaoni, Y., & Mechoulam, R. (1964) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja01062a046 · Cited by 2,389
Pertwee, R. G. (2007) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0707442 · Cited by 2,047
The orphan receptor GPR55 is a novel cannabinoid receptor
Ryberg, E., Larsson, N., Sjögren, S., Hjorth, S., Hermansson, N., Leonova, J., Elebring, T., Nilsson, K., Drmota, T., & Greasley, P. J. (2007) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0707460 · Cited by 1,568
Bisogno, T., Hanuš, L., PETROCELLIS, L. D., Tchilibon, S., Ponde, D. E., Brandi, I., Moriello, A. S., Davis, J. B., Mechoulam, R., & Marzo, V. D. (2001) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0704327 · Cited by 1,315
Agonistic properties of cannabidiol at 5-HT1a receptors
Russo, E. B., Burnett, A., Hall, B., & Parker, K. K. (2005) · Neurochemical Research · doi:10.1007/s11064-005-6978-1 · Cited by 878
BONE-MARROW TRANSPLANTATION IN A PATIENT WITH THE WISKOTT-ALDRICH SYNDROME
Bach, F. H., Albertini, R., Joo, P., Anderson, J., & Bortin, M. M. (1968) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(68)92672-x · Cited by 867
Cannabidiol and (−)Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol are neuroprotective antioxidants
Hampson, A. J., Grimaldi, M., Axelrod, J., & Wink, D. (1998) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.95.14.8268 · Cited by 850
Thomas, A., Baillie, G. L., Phillips, A. M., Razdan, R. K., Ross, R. A., & Pertwee, R. G. (2007) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0707133 · Cited by 763
Malfait, A. M., Gallily, R., Sumariwalla, P. F., Malik, A. S., Andreakos, E., Mechoulam, R., & Feldmann, M. (2000) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.160105897 · Cited by 669
Action of cannabidiol on the anxiety and other effects produced by ?9-THC in normal subjects
Zuardi, A. W., Shirakawa, I., Finkelfarb, E., & Karniol, I. G. (1982) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf00432554 · Cited by 608
Russo, E. B., & Guy, G. W. (2005) · Medical Hypotheses · doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2005.08.026 · Cited by 608
Chronic Administration of Cannabidiol to Healthy Volunteers and Epileptic Patients
Cunha, J. M., Carlini, E. A., Pereira, A. E., Ramos, O. L., Pimentel, C., Gagliardi, R. J., Sanvito, W. L., Lander, N., & Mechoulam, R. (2008) · Pharmacology · doi:10.1159/000137430 · Cited by 570
Ligresti, A., Moriello, A. S., Starowicz, K., Matias, I., Pisanti, S., PETROCELLIS, L. D., Laezza, C., Portella, G., Bifulco, M., & Marzo, V. D. (2006) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1124/jpet.106.105247 · Cited by 569
Cannabidiol: An Overview of Some Pharmacological Aspects
Mechoulam, R., Parker, L. A., & Gallily, R. (2002) · The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1002/j.1552-4604.2002.tb05998.x · Cited by 530
Mechoulam, R., Peters, M., Murillo‐Rodriguez, E., & Hanuš, L. O. (2007) · Chemistry & Biodiversity · doi:10.1002/cbdv.200790147 · Cited by 515
Carrier, E. J., Auchampach, J. A., & Hillard, C. J. (2006) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0511232103 · Cited by 497
Mechoulam, R., & Shvo, Y. (1963) · Tetrahedron · doi:10.1016/0040-4020(63)85022-x · Cited by 486
Fusar-Poli, P., Crippa, J. A., Bhattacharyya, S., Borgwardt, S. J., Allen, P., Martin-Santos, R., Seal, M., Surguladze, S. A., O’Carrol, C., Atakan, Z., et al. (2009) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2008.519 · Cited by 465
Self-citationCannabidiol, a Cannabis sativa constituent, as an antipsychotic drug
Zuardi, A. W., Crippa, J. A. S., Hallak, J. E. C., Moreira, F. A., & Guimarães, F. S. (2006) · Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research · doi:10.1590/s0100-879x2006000400001 · Cited by 415
Lastres-Becker, I., Molina-Holgado, F., Ramos, J. A., Mechoulam, R., & Fernández-Ruiz, J. (2005) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2004.11.009 · Cited by 407
Costa, B., Trovato, A. E., Comelli, F., Giagnoni, G., & Colleoni, M. (2007) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.11.006 · Cited by 395
Antianxiety effect of cannabidiol in the elevated plus-maze
Guimarães, F. S., Chiaretti, T. M., Graeff, F. G., & Zuardi, A. W. (1990) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf02244012 · Cited by 379
Effects of ipsapirone and cannabidiol on human experimental anxiety
Zuardi, A. W., Cosme, R. A., Graeff, F. G., & Guimarães, F. S. (1993) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/026988119300700112 · Cited by 364
Campos, A. C., & Guimarães, F. S. (2008) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-008-1168-x · Cited by 364
Antiemetic Effect of Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol in Patients Receiving Cancer Chemotherapy
Sallan, S. E., Zinberg, N. E., & Frei, E. (1975) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm197510162931603 · Cited by 364
Iuvone, T., Esposito, G., Esposito, R., Santamaria, R., Di Rosa, M., & Izzo, A. A. (2004) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2003.02327.x · Cited by 361
Chemical Basis of Hashish Activity
Mechoulam, R., Shani, A., Edery, H., & Grunfeld, Y. (1970) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.169.3945.611 · Cited by 331
Controlled clinical trial of cannabidiol in Huntington's disease
Consroe, P. F., Laguna, J., Allender, J. R., Snider, S. R., Stern, L. Z., Sandyk, R., Kennedy, K., & Schram, K. H. (1991) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/0091-3057(91)90386-g · Cited by 324
García-Arencibia, M., González, S., de Lago, E., Ramos, J. A., Mechoulam, R., & Fernández-Ruiz, J. (2007) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2006.11.063 · Cited by 320
Pharmacological characterization of cannabinoids in the elevated plus maze.
Onaivi, E. S., Green, M. R., & Martin, B. R. (1990) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/s0022-3565(25)13195-9 · Cited by 312
Esposito, G., Scuderi, C., Savani, C., Steardo, L., De Filippis, D., Cottone, P., Iuvone, T., Cuomo, V, & Steardo, L. (2007) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0707337 · Cited by 308
Effects of cannabidiol (CBD) on regional cerebral blood flow
Crippa, J. A. D. S., Zuardi, A. W., Garrido, G. E. J., Wichert-Ana, L., Guarnieri, R., Ferrari, L., Azevedo-Marques, P. M., Hallak, J. E. C., McGuire, P. K., & Busatto, G. F. (2004) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1300340 · Cited by 307
Cannabidiol interferes with the effects of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol in man
Karniol, I. G., Shirakawa, I., Kasinski, N., Pfeferman, A., & Carlini, E. A. (1974) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/0014-2999(74)90129-0 · Cited by 303
Structure of Cannabidiol, a Product Isolated from the Marihuana Extract of Minnesota Wild Hemp. I
ADAMS, R. L. P., Hunt, M., & Clark, J. H. (1940) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja01858a058 · Cited by 302
Cannabis and cannabinoids: pharmacology, toxicology, and therapeutic potential
(2003) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.40-3432 · Cited by 293
Nicholson, A. N., Turner, C., Stone, B. M., & Robson, P. (2004) · Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1097/01.jcp.0000125688.05091.8f · Cited by 291
Neuroprotective and Blood-Retinal Barrier-Preserving Effects of Cannabidiol in Experimental Diabetes
El‐Remessy, A. B., Al‐Shabrawey, M., Khalifa, Y. M., Tsai, N., Caldwell, R. B., & Liou, G. I. (2006) · American Journal Of Pathology · doi:10.2353/ajpath.2006.050500 · Cited by 284
Hypnotic and Antiepileptic Effects of Cannabidiol
Carlini, E. A., & Cunha, J. M. (1981) · The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1981.tb02622.x · Cited by 278
Antitumor Effects of Cannabidiol, a Nonpsychoactive Cannabinoid, on Human Glioma Cell Lines
Massi, P., Vaccani, A., Ceruti, S., Colombo, A., Abbracchio, M. P., & Parolaro, D. (2004) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1124/jpet.103.061002 · Cited by 272
Antipsychotic effect of cannabidiol.
Zuardi, A. W., Morais, S. L., Guimarães, F. S., & Mechoulam, R. (1995) · PubMed · Cited by 264
Esposito, G., Filippis, D. D., Carnuccio, R., Izzo, A. A., & Iuvone, T. (2005) · Journal of Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1007/s00109-005-0025-1 · Cited by 252
Cannabidiol: an overview of some chemical and pharmacological aspects. Part I: chemical aspects
Mechoulam, R., & Hanuš, L. (2002) · Chemistry and Physics of Lipids · doi:10.1016/s0009-3084(02)00144-5 · Cited by 250
Costa, B., Colleoni, M., Conti, S., Parolaro, D., Franke, C., Trovato, A. E., & Giagnoni, G. (2004) · Naunyn-Schmiedeberg s Archives of Pharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00210-004-0871-3 · Cited by 243
The absolute configuration of δ1-tetrahydrocannabinol, the major active constituent of hashish.
Mechoulam, R., & Gaoni, Y. (1967) · Tetrahedron Letters · doi:10.1016/s0040-4039(00)90646-4 · Cited by 234
Cannabidiol as a novel inhibitor of Id-1 gene expression in aggressive breast cancer cells
McAllister, S. D., Christian, R. T., Horowitz, M. P., García‐Bilbao, A., & Desprez, P. (2007) · Molecular Cancer Therapeutics · doi:10.1158/1535-7163.mct-07-0371 · Cited by 232
McKallip, R. J., Jia, W., Schlomer, J., Warren, J. W., Nagarkatti, P. S., & Nagarkatti, M. (2006) · Molecular Pharmacology · doi:10.1124/mol.106.023937 · Cited by 230
Marihuana, the Forbidden Medicine
Grinspoon, L., & Bakalar, J. B. (1993) · doi:10.1038/scientificamerican1269-17 · Cited by 227
Cannabidiol lowers incidence of diabetes in non-obese diabetic mice
Weiss, L., Zeira, M., Reich, S., Har-Noy, M., Mechoulam, R., Slavin, S., & Gallily, R. (2005) · Autoimmunity · doi:10.1080/08916930500356674 · Cited by 226
Esposito, G., De Filippis, D., Maiuri, M. C., De Stefano, D., Carnuccio, R., & Iuvone, T. (2006) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2006.01.047 · Cited by 225
Mishima, K., Hayakawa, K., Abe, K., Ikeda, T., Egashira, N., Iwasaki, K., & Fujiwara, M. (2005) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.0000163083.59201.34 · Cited by 225
Rajesh, M., Mukhopadhyay, P., Bátkai, S., Haskó, G., Liaudet, L., Drel, V. R., Obrosova, I. G., & Pacher, P. (2007) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00236.2007 · Cited by 211
Anxiolytic-like effect of cannabidiol in the rat Vogel conflict test
Moreira, F. A., Aguiar, D. C., & Guimarães, F. S. (2006) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2006.06.004 · Cited by 207
Cannabidiol inhibits the hyperlocomotion induced by psychotomimetic drugs in mice
Moreira, F. A., & Guimarães, F. S. (2005) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2005.02.040 · Cited by 206
Discovery and characterization of endogenous cannabinoids
Martin, B. R., Mechoulam, R., & Razdan, R. K. (1999) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/s0024-3205(99)00281-7 · Cited by 205
Cannabidiol monotherapy for treatment-resistant schizophrenia
Zuardi, A. W., Hallak, J. E. C., Dursun, S. M., Morais, S. L., Sanches, R. F., Musty, R. E., & Crippa, J. A. S. (2006) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881106060967 · Cited by 192
Effects of cannabidiol in animal models predictive of antipsychotic activity
Zuardi, A. W., Antunes Rodrigues, J., & Cunha, J. M. (1991) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf02244189 · Cited by 191
Self-citationΔ9 Tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol alter cytokine production by human immune cells
Srivastava, M. D., Srivastava, B. I. S., & Brouhard, B. H. (1998) · Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0162-3109(98)00041-1 · Cited by 189
Nadulski, T., Pragst, F., Weinberg, G., Roser, P., Schnelle, M., Fronk, E., & Stadelmann, A. M. (2005) · Therapeutic Drug Monitoring · doi:10.1097/01.ftd.0000177223.19294.5c · Cited by 186
Pharmacological interaction between cannabidiol and ?9-tetrahydrocannabinol
Karniol, I. G., & Carlini, E. A. (1973) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf00428793 · Cited by 182
CANNABIS-ASSOCIATED PSYCHOSIS WITH HYPOMANIC FEATURES
Rottanburg, D. (1982) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(82)91270-3 · Cited by 177
Cannabidiol Reverses MK-801-Induced Disruption of Prepulse Inhibition in Mice
Long, L. E., Malone, D. T., & TAYLOR, D. A. H. B. (2005) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1300838 · Cited by 177
Kim‐Mitsuyama, S., Yamamoto, E., Tanaka, T., Zhan, Y., Izumi, Y., Izumiya, Y., Ioroi, T., Wanibuchi, H., & Iwao, H. (2005) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.0000163084.16505.e3 · Cited by 173
Perez‐Reyes, M., Timmons, M. C., Davis, K. H., & Wall, E. M. (1973) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/bf01922823 · Cited by 161
Vaccani, A., Massi, P., Colombo, A., Rubino, T., & Parolaro, D. (2005) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706134 · Cited by 154
Different Effects of Nabilone and Cannabidiol on Binocular Depth Inversion in Man
Leweke, F. M., Schneider, U., Radwan, M., Schmidt, E., & Emrich, H. M. (2000) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0091-3057(00)00201-x · Cited by 150
Open label evaluation of cannabidiol in dystonic movement disorders
Consroe, P. F., Sandyk, R., & Snider, S. R. (1986) · International Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.3109/00207458608985678 · Cited by 149
Sagredo, O., Ramos, J. A., Decio, A., Mechoulam, R., & Fernández‐Ruiz, J. (2007) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2007.05717.x · Cited by 147
Cannabidiol arrests onset of autoimmune diabetes in NOD mice
Weiss, L., Zeira, M., Reich, S., Slavin, S., Raz, I., Mechoulam, R., & Gallily, R. (2007) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2007.06.029 · Cited by 147
Effect of cannabinoids on lithium-induced vomiting in the Suncus murinus (house musk shrew)
Parker, L. A., Kwiatkowska, M., Burton, P., & Mechoulam, R. (2004) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-003-1571-2 · Cited by 146
Toward drugs derived from cannabis
Mechoulam, R., & Carlini, E. A. (1978) · Die Naturwissenschaften · doi:10.1007/bf00450585 · Cited by 140
Hermann, D., Sartorius, A., Welzel, H., Walter, S., Skopp, G., Ende, G., & Mann, K. F. (2007) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.08.027 · Cited by 135
Durst, R. Y., Danenberg, H. D., Gallily, R., Mechoulam, R., Meir, K., Grad, E., Beeri, R., Pugatsch, T., Tarsish, E., & Lotan, C. (2007) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00098.2007 · Cited by 134
Paton, W. D. M., & Pertwee, R. G. (1972) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.1972.tb07261.x · Cited by 134
Analgesic and antiinflammatory activity of constituents ofCannabis sativa L.
Formukong, E. A., EVANS, A. T., & Evans, F. J. (1988) · Inflammation · doi:10.1007/bf00915771 · Cited by 130
Agurell, S., Carlsson, S., Lindgren, J. E., Ohlsson, A., Gillespie, H., & Hollister, L. (1981) · Experientia · doi:10.1007/bf02085029 · Cited by 129
Cannabidiol and Cannabis sativa extract protect mice and rats against convulsive agents
Carlini, E. A., Leite, J. R., Tannhauser, M., & Berardi, A. C. (1973) · Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/j.2042-7158.1973.tb10660.x · Cited by 125
Influence of cannabidiol on delta‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol effects
Dalton, W. S., Martz, R. C., Lemberger, L., Rodda, B. E., & Forney, R. B. (1976) · Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1002/cpt1976193300 · Cited by 123
Cannabidiol and cannabinol in man
Hollister, L. E. (1973) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/bf01946311 · Cited by 121
Cannabidiol, a constituent of Cannabis sativa, modulates sleep in rats
Murillo‐Rodríguez, E., Millán‐Aldaco, D., Palomero‐Rivero, M., Mechoulam, R., & Drucker-Colı́n, R. (2006) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2006.04.102 · Cited by 116
Effect of cannabidiol and of other Cannabis sativa compounds on hippocampal seizure discharges
Izquierdo, I., Orsingher, O. A., & Berardi, A. C. (1973) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf00413961 · Cited by 111
Watzl, B., Scuderi, P., & WATSON, R. R. (1991) · International Journal of Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/0192-0561(91)90160-9 · Cited by 111
Marijuana as antiemetic medicine: a survey of oncologists' experiences and attitudes.
Doblin, R., & Kleiman, M. A. (1991) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.1991.9.7.1314 · Cited by 110
Reduced binocular depth inversion in schizophrenic patients
Schneider, U., Borsutzky, M., Seifert, J., Leweke, F. M., Huber, T. J., Rollnik, J. D., & Emrich, H. M. (2002) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/s0920-9964(00)00172-9 · Cited by 108
Parker, L. A., Mechoulam, R., & Schlievert, C. (2002) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/00001756-200204160-00006 · Cited by 105
A metabolic interaction in vivo between cannabidiol and Δ1‐tetrahydrocannabinol
Jones, G., & Pertwee, R. G. (1972) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.1972.tb08092.x · Cited by 97
Pharmacological interaction between cannabinol and ?9-tetrahydrocannabinol
Takahashi, R. N., & Karniol, I. G. (1975) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf00428937 · Cited by 97
Serum-dependent effects of tamoxifen and cannabinoids upon C6 glioma cell viability
Jacobsson, S. O. P., Rongård, E., Stridh, M., Tiger, G., & Fowler, C. J. (2000) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0006-2952(00)00492-5 · Cited by 94
Hayakawa, K., Mishima, K., Nozako, M., Ogata, A., Hazekawa, M., Liu, A.-X., Fujioka, M., Abe, K., Hasebe, N., Egashira, N., et al. (2007) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2006.11.005 · Cited by 89
Hypnoticlike effects of cannabidiol in the rat
Monti, J. M. (1977) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf00497858 · Cited by 84
Hayakawa, K., Mishima, K., Nozako, M., Hazekawa, M., Irie, K., Fujioka, M., Orito, K., Abe, K., Hasebe, N., Egashira, N., et al. (2007) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2007.04565.x · Cited by 84
Interactions in man of delta‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol; II. Cannabinol and cannabidiol
Hollister, L. E., & Gillespie, H. K. (1975) · Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1002/cpt197518180 · Cited by 84
Anticonvulsant effect of cannabidiol.
Fr, A., & Cridland, S. (1986) · PubMed · Cited by 81
Carlini, E. A., Santos, M., Claussen, U., Bieniek, D., & KORTE, F. (1970) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf00402387 · Cited by 81
Cannabidiol increases Fos expression in the nucleus accumbens but not in the dorsal striatum
GUIMARAES, V. (2004) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2004.01.015 · Cited by 77
Rock, E. M., Limebeer, C. L., Mechoulam, R., Piomelli, D., & Parker, L. A. (2007) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-007-0970-1 · Cited by 77
Effect of cannabidiol on plasma prolactin, growth hormone and cortisol in human volunteers.
Zuardi, A. W., Guimarães, F. S., & Moreira, A. C. (1993) · PubMed · Cited by 76
Braida, D., Pegorini, S., Arcidiacono, M. V., Consalez, G. G., Croci, L., & Sala, M. (2003) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/s0304-3940(03)00569-x · Cited by 73
Modification of ?9-THC-actions by cannabinol and cannabidiol in the rat
Fernandes, M. S., Schabarek, A., Coper, H., & Hill, R. (1974) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf00429130 · Cited by 72
Marihuana: The Forbidden Medicine
Strassman, R. J. (1998) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.279.12.963-a · Cited by 71
PARKER, L., KWIATKOWSKA, M., & Mechoulam, R. (2005) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2005.08.045 · Cited by 67
Nonpsychoactive Cannabidiol Prevents Prion Accumulation and Protects Neurons against Prion Toxicity
Cordier-Dirikoc, S., Priola, S. A., Marella, M., Zsürger, N., & Chabry, J. (2007) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1942-07.2007 · Cited by 63
Anticonvulsant properties of cannabidiol.
Turkanis, S. A., Cely, W., Olsen, D. M., & Karler, R. (1974) · PubMed · Cited by 59
Cannabidiol prevents infarction via the non-CB1 cannabinoid receptor mechanism
Hayakawa, K., Mishima, K., Abe, K., Hasebe, N., Takamatsu, F., Yasuda, H., Ikeda, T., Inui, K., Egashira, N., Iwasaki, K., et al. (2004) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/00001756-200410250-00016 · Cited by 56
Karniol, I. G., & Carlini, E. A. (1972) · Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/j.2042-7158.1972.tb08897.x · Cited by 44
Stimulus Characteristics of Marihuana Components
Kubena, R. K., & Barry, H. (1972) · Nature · doi:10.1038/235397a0 · Cited by 39
Zuardi, A. W., & Karniol, I. G. (1983) · PubMed · Cited by 38
Aw, Z., Finkelfarb, E., Bueno, O. F., Musty, R. E., & Karniol, I. G. (1981) · PubMed · Cited by 36
Comparative effects between cannabidiol and diazepam on neophobia food intake and conflict behavior
Filho, N. G. S., & Tufik, S. B. (1981) · Research communications in psychology, psychiatry and behavior · Cited by 36
Zuardi, A. W., Teixeira, N. A. A., & Karniol, I. G. (1984) · PubMed · Cited by 35
Cannabidiol and δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol metabolism
Borys, H. K., & Karler, R. (1979) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/0006-2952(79)90472-6 · Cited by 23
The pharmacological actions of cannabidiol
Long, L. E., Malone, D. T., & TAYLOR, D. A. H. B. (2005) · Drugs of the Future · doi:10.1358/dof.2005.030.07.915908 · Cited by 20
Effects of cannabidiol and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol on operant behavior.
Davis, W. M., & Borgen, L. A. (1974) · PubMed · Cited by 19
Zuardi, A. W., & Karniol, I. G. (1983) · Cited by 16
Cannabidiol interaction with delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol.
Borgen, L. A., & Davis, W. M. (1974) · PubMed · Cited by 12
Cannabidiol and its pharmacokinetic interaction withδ 1-Tetrahydrocannabinol
Levy, S., & McCallum, N. K. (1975) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/bf01945772 · Cited by 8
Research works printed but not linked: 10
- Clarke CR, 2002, Botany of natural Cannabis medicines, 3
- Mechoulam R, 1963, Hashish: 1. Structure of Cannabidiol, Tetrahedron, 19, 2073
- Zuardi AW, 1984, Interação farmacológica entre delta - 9 - THC e CBD, dos constituintes activos da cannabis sativa, Ciência e Cultura, 36, 386
- Musty RE, 1984, Anxiolytic properties of cannabidiol, 713
- Zuardi AW, 2002, Cannabidiol: possible therapeutic application, 359
- Leweke F, 2007, Double blind, controlled clinical trial of cannabidiol monotherapy versus amisulpiride in the treatment of acutely psychotic schizophrenia patients, Schizophr Bull, 33, 310
- Sandyk R, 1988, Preliminary trial of cannabidiol in Hantington's disease, 157
- Martin BR, 1999, Discovery and characterization of endogenous cannabinoids, Life Sci, 65, 573, 10.1016/S0024-3205(99)00281-7 · DOI
- Zuardi AW, 2008, Cannabidiol for the treatment of psychosis in Parkinson's disease: possible mechanisms of actions, J Psychopharmacology
- Pertwee RG, 2004, The pharmacology and therapeutic potential of cannabidiol, 32
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Adverse health effects of marijuana use.
Volkow, N. D., Baler, R. D., Compton, W. M., & Weiss, S. R. B. (2014) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmra1402309 · Cited by 2,774
Non-psychotropic plant cannabinoids: new therapeutic opportunities from an ancient herb
Izzo, A. A., Borrelli, F., Capasso, R., Marzo, V. D., & Mechoulam, R. (2009) · Trends in Pharmacological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tips.2009.07.006 · Cited by 879
Bergamaschi, M. M., Queiroz, R. H. C., Chagas, M. H. N., de Oliveira, D. C. G., De Martinis, B. S., Kapczinski, F., Quevedo, J., Roesler, R., Schröder, N., Nardi, A. E., et al. (2011) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2011.6 · Cited by 771
Bhattacharyya, S., Morrison, P. D., Fusar-Poli, P., Martin-Santos, R., Borgwardt, S., Winton-Brown, T., Nosarti, C., O' Carroll, C. M., Seal, M., Allen, P., et al. (2010) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2009.184 · Cited by 680
“CBD may thus have therapeutic potential as a treatment for cannabis-induced psychopathology , and as an anxiolytic and an antipsychotic (Zuardi, 2008).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialSafety and side effects of cannabidiol, a Cannabis sativa constituent
Machado Bergamaschi, M., Helena Costa Queiroz, R., Waldo Zuardi, A., & Alexandre S. Crippa, J. (2011) · Current Drug Safety · doi:10.2174/157488611798280924 · Cited by 558
“This cannabinoid has not been shown to induce catalepsy, even at doses as high as 480 mg/kg bw [12][29][32].”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Zuardi, A. W.
- Affiliations
- Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
- Venue
- Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria
- Publisher
- EDITORA SCIENTIFIC
- Published
- 2008-09
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 271-280
- ISSN
- 1516-4446 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2038532706
- Cited by
- 421
- References
- 116
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 39 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 32 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 35 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 30 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 26
- FWCI
- 13.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT) (publishedVersion)
- Americanae (AECID Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Medicinal Plant Extracts Effects
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Nigella sativa pharmacological applications
- Keywords
- cannabidiol, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, antiepileptic effect, anxiolytic effects, antipsychotic effects, neuroprotection, anti-inflammatory activity, antioxidant activity, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, cerebral ischemia, diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, cancer, nausea, therapeutic potential
- MeSH terms
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Antiemetics, Antineoplastic Agents, Antioxidants, Mental Disorders, Cannabidiol, Cannabis, Diabetes Mellitus, Humans, Parkinson Disease, Schizophrenia, Antipsychotic Agents, Anti-Anxiety Agents, Neuroprotective Agents, Biomedical Research
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review