Low serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) in children with autism
Open accessAbstract
Objective: To confirm previous evidence suggesting an association between autism and low vitamin D serum levels. Methods: This preliminary exploratory study assessed the circulating levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) in pediatric patients with autism and in typically developing controls from Juiz de Fora, Brazil. Results: Serum levels of 25-OHD were lower in children with autism (26.48 ± 3.48 ng mL-1) when compared to typically developing subjects (40.52 ± 3.13 ng mL-1) (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Our findings attest to the importance of vitamin supplementation during pregnancy and in the treatment of children with autism, who tend to present low vitamin D consumption rates.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In Tostes et al., neither ethnicity nor season of blood sampling was considered in the statistical analysis.
“Neither ethnicity nor season of blood sampling was considered in the statistical analysis.”
From Vitamin D and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Literature Review (2016) · cites this paper as [110]
Tostes et al. (2012) reported that mean 25(OH)D concentration of children with ASD of different ethnic groups was lower by approximately 35 nmol/L than healthy age and sex matched controls (p < 0.001).
“Tostes et al. (2012) reported that mean 25(OH)D concentration of children with ASD of different ethnic groups was lower by approximately 35 nmol/L than healthy age and sex matched controls (p < 0.001) [110].”
From Vitamin D and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Literature Review (2016) · cites this paper as [110]
Of 14 studies, nine reported significant differences in 25(OH)D concentrations between cases and controls, one borderline difference, and four found no significant differences among study groups.
“Of 14 studies, nine reported significant differences in 25(OH)D concentrations between cases and controls [78,81,108,109,110,111,112,117,118], one borderline difference [114], and four found no significant differences among study groups [79,113,115,116].”
From Vitamin D and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Literature Review (2016) · cites this paper as [110]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Vitamin D Status: Measurement, Interpretation, and Clinical Application
Holick, M. F. (2008) · Annals of Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2007.12.001 · Cited by 1,663 · see citing works
Cannell, J. J. (2007) · Medical Hypotheses · doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2007.08.016 · Cited by 279 · see citing works
Vitamin D, light and mental health
Humble, M. B. (2010) · Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2010.08.003 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Reduced serum levels of 25-hydroxy and 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D in egyptian children with autism
Meguid, N. A., Hashish, A. F., Anwar, M., & Sidhom, G. (2010) · The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine · doi:10.1089/acm.2009.0349 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Determination of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D in Serum by HPLC and Immunoassay
Turpeinen, U., Hohenthal, U., & Stenman, U. (2003) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1373/49.9.1521 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Fernell, E., Barnevik‐Olsson, M., Bågenholm, G., Gillberg, C., Gustafsson, S., & Sääf, M. (2010) · Acta Paediatrica · doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.2010.01755.x · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Vitamin D, nervous system and aging
Tuohimaa, P., Keisala, T., Minasyan, A., Cachat, J., & Kalueff, A. V. (2009) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2009.07.003 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Autism Rates Associated with Nutrition and the WIC Program
Shamberger, R. J. (2011) · Journal of the American College of Nutrition · doi:10.1080/07315724.2011.10719978 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Bakare, M. O., Münir, K., & Kinney, D. K. (2011) · Hypothesis · doi:10.5779/hypothesis.v9i1.200 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Mason, P. H., & Short, R. V. (2011) · Hypothesis · doi:10.5779/hypothesis.v9i1.215 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition, Text Revision (DSM- IV-TR). Washington: APA; 1994.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Wang, T., Shan, L., Du, L., Feng, J., Xu, Z., Staal, W., & Jia, F. (2015) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-015-0786-1 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Clinical improvement following vitamin D3 supplementation in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Feng, J., Shan, L., Du, L., Wang, B., Li, H., Wang, W., Wang, T., Dong, H., Yue, X., Xu, Z., et al. (2017) · Nutritional Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/1028415x.2015.1123847 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Wang, Z., Ding, R., & Wang, J. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13010086 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Vitamin D and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Literature Review
Mazahery, H., Camargo, C., Conlon, C., Beck, K., Kruger, M., & Von Hurst, P. (2016) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu8040236 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Vitamin D and mental health in children and adolescents
Föcker, M., Antel, J., Ring, S., Hahn, D., Kanal, Ö., Öztürk, D., Hebebrand, J., & Libuda, L. (2017) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-017-0949-3 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Chen, J., Xin, K., Wei, J., Zhang, K., & Xiao, H. (2016) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2016.08.013 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Lack of effect of vitamin D3supplementation in autism: a 20-week, placebo-controlled RCT
Kerley, C. P., Power, C., Gallagher, L., & Coghlan, D. (2017) · Archives of Disease in Childhood · doi:10.1136/archdischild-2017-312783 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Immunological Dysfunction in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Potential Target for Therapy
Marchezan, J., Winkler dos Santos, E. G. A., Deckmann, I., & Riesgo, R. D. S. (2018) · Neuroimmunomodulation · doi:10.1159/000492225 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Gillberg, C., Fernell, E., Kočovská, E., Minnis, H., Bourgeron, T., Thompson, L., & Allely, C. S. (2017) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.1777 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Vitamin D in the general population of young adults with autism in the faroe islands
Kočovská, E., Andorsdóttir, G., Weihe, P., Halling, J., Fernell, E., Stóra, T., Biskupstø, R., Gillberg, I. C., Shea, R., Billstedt, E., et al. (2014) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-014-2155-1 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Vitamin D Deficiency and Autism Spectrum Disorder
Siracusano, M., Riccioni, A., Abate, R., Benvenuto, A., Curatolo, P., & Mazzone, L. (2020) · Current Pharmaceutical Design · doi:10.2174/1381612826666200415174311 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Vitamin D Deficiency in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Cross-Sectional Study
Petruzzelli, M. G., Marzulli, L., Margari, F., Giacomo, A. D., Gabellone, A., Giannico, O. V., & Margari, L. (2020) · Disease Markers · doi:10.1155/2020/9292560 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Bench to bedside review: Possible role of vitamin D in autism spectrum disorder
Jia, F., Shan, L., Wang, B., Li, H., Miao, C., Xu, Z., Lin, C., & Saad, K. (2017) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2017.12.005 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Evaluation of serum 25-Hydroxy vitamin D levels in children with autism Spectrum disorder
Arastoo, A. A., Khojastehkia, H., Rahimi, Z., Khafaie, M. A., Hosseini, S. A., Mansouri, M. T., Yosefyshad, S., Abshirini, M., Karimimalekabadi, N., & Cheraghi, M. (2018) · The Italian Journal of Pediatrics/Italian journal of pediatrics · doi:10.1186/s13052-018-0587-5 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Serum vitamin D and folate levels in children with Autism Spectrum Disorders
Uğur, Ç., & Gürkan, C. K. (2014) · Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2014.09.002 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Li, J., Wang, L., Yu, P., Shi, L., Zhang, K., Sun, Z. S., & Xia, K. (2017) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.32543 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Autism and lack of D3 vitamin: A systematic review
Pioggia, G., Tonacci, A., Tartarisco, G., Billeci, L., Muratori, F., Ruta, L., & Gangemi, S. (2014) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2014.09.003 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Marinov, D. B., Chamova, R., & Pancheva, R. (2024) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2024.102396 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Role of Vitamin D in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Alzghoul, L. (2019) · Current Pharmaceutical Design · doi:10.2174/1381612825666191122092215 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Vitamin D deficiency is not related to eating habits in children with Autistic Spectrum Disorder
Riccio, M. P., Catone, G., Siracusano, R., Occhiati, L., Bernardo, P., Sarnataro, E., Corrado, G., & Bravaccio, C. (2020) · AIMS Public Health · doi:10.3934/publichealth.2020061 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Prospective cohort study of vitamin D and autism spectrum disorder diagnoses in early childhood
Ali, Y., Anderson, L. N., Smile, S., Chen, Y., Borkhoff, C. M., Koroshegyi, C., Lebovic, G., Parkin, P. C., Birken, C. S., Szatmári, P., et al. (2018) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361318756787 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
25(OH)Vitamin D and autism spectrum disorder: genetic overlap and causality
Yu, G., Xu, M., Chen, Y., & Ke, H. (2023) · Genes & Nutrition · doi:10.1186/s12263-023-00727-0 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Neonatal and regressive forms of autism: Diseases with similar symptoms but a different etiology
Barbeau, W. E. (2017) · Medical Hypotheses · doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2017.09.015 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Jaureguiberry, S., & Venturino, A. (2020) · International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research · doi:10.1024/0300-9831/a000630 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Immune Modulatory Treatments for Autism Spectrum Disorder
Thom, R. P., & McDougle, C. J. (2020) · Seminars in Pediatric Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.spen.2020.100836 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Theoharides, T. C. (2017) · Clinical Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.clinthera.2017.03.002 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Mulryan, C. (2012) · Independent Nurse · doi:10.12968/indn.2012.16.4.91038 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Santos, J. X., Rasga, C., & Vicente, A. M. (2021) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.95758 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Case 2: New-Onset Seizure in a 5-year-old Boy with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Shah, E., & Marshall, I. H. (2019) · Pediatrics in Review · doi:10.1542/pir.2017-0217 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Vitamin D deficiency presenting as seizures
Sagar, A., Datta, G., & Muthukrishnan, J. (2024) · Medical Journal Armed Forces India · doi:10.1016/j.mjafi.2023.11.010 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Autismo: aspectos nutrológicos das dietas e possível etiologia
Anderle, T., & de Mello, E. D. (2018) · International Journal of Nutrology · doi:10.1055/s-0038-1670668 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Role of nutritional deficiency in the development of autism spectrum disorders
Oommen, A., & AlOmar, R. S. (2020) · International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences · doi:10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20201959 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
[Research advances in the role of vitamin D in autism spectrum disorders].
Shan, L., Hu, X., Wang, B., & Jia, F. (2016) · PubMed Central · doi:10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2016.02.016 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Ruggiero, M., & Pacini, S. (2018) · Journal of Neurology & Stroke · doi:10.15406/jnsk.2018.08.00303 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Bandini, L., Vinceti, B., Urbano, T., Plazzi, G., Filippini, T., & Vinceti, M. (2026) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-026-03059-7 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Iron, Vitamin D and B12 Levels of Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder at Diagnosis
Çelik, P., Sucaklı, İ. A., & Yakut, H. İ. (2022) · Journal of Dr Behcet Uz Children s Hospital · doi:10.4274/buchd.galenos.2022.79027 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Associations Between Vitamin D and Core Symptoms in ASD: An Umbrella Review
Jiang, Y., Dang, W., Sui, L., Gao, T., Kong, X., Guo, J., Liu, S., Hong, N., & Jiang, Z. (2024) · Nutrition and Dietary Supplements · doi:10.2147/nds.s470462 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Feng, J., Li, H., Shan, L., Wang, B., Jia, F., & Du, L. (2019) · PubMed Central · doi:10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2019.04.007 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Al-Demirchi, J. Y., AL-Ghurabi, B. H., & AlKubaisy, W. (2024) · Journal of Baghdad College of Dentistry · doi:10.26477/jbcd.v36i4.3822 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Penaforte, N. D. F., de Vasconcelos, C. A. C., & Flôr, A. D. K. B. (2020) · Jornal Memorial da Medicina · doi:10.37085/jmmv1.n2.2019.pp.37-45 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Hypocalcemic Seizure Due to Severe Vitamin-D Deficiency in an Adolescent with Obesity and Autism
Carugno, P., Ossa, M. M., Wyllie, T. J. S., & Sharma, S. D. (2018) · Clinical Pediatrics Open Access · doi:10.4172/2572-0775.1000134
Evaluation of Serum Vitamin D in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Afroz, S., Begum, S., Shahjadi, S., Siddiqi, U. R., & Mahruba, S. N. (2022) · Bangladesh Medical Research Council Bulletin · doi:10.3329/bmrcb.v47i1.55795
A IMPORTÂNCIA DA VITAMINA D PARA PACIENTES COM TRANSTORNO DO ESPECTRO AUTISTA
Miranda, L. C., Neumann, K. R. D. S., & de Jesus, C. M. (2024) · Revista Multidisciplinar do Nordeste Mineiro · doi:10.61164/rmnm.v14i1.1914
Additional file 1 of 25(OH)Vitamin D and autism spectrum disorder: genetic overlap and causality
Yu, G., Xu, M., Chen, Y., & Ke, H. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26585100
Additional file 2 of 25(OH)Vitamin D and autism spectrum disorder: genetic overlap and causality
Yu, G., Xu, M., Chen, Y., & Ke, H. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26585103
- Authors
- Tostes, M. H. F. D. S., Polonini, H. C., Gattaz, W. F., Raposo, N. R. B., & Baptista, E. B.
- Affiliations
- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (BR)
- Universidade de São Paulo (BR)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy
- Publisher
- FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
- Published
- 2012-09
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 161-163
- ISSN
- 2237-6089 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2121008800
- Cited by
- 44
- References
- 10
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 3 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 1.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT) (publishedVersion)
- Americanae (AECID Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Redalyc (Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
- Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Vitamin D Research Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, vitamin D deficiency, serum vitamin D levels, children, vitamin D supplementation, pregnancy
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
