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Social Deprivation of Neonatal, Adolescent, and Adult Rats Has Distinct Neurochemical and Behavioral Consequences
Abstract
This review examines the consequences of social deprivation on brain chemistry and behavior on rats. Although social deprivation produces wide-ranging behavioral and neurochemical effects, it appears that these effects are determined by a number of factors, the most critical factor being the age or developmental stage during the period of deprivation. Roughly, the effects examined in this review may be separated into three major developmental stages and each is related to deprivation of specific types of social interaction: preweaning/neonatal, postweaning/adolescent, and adult. The effects of social deprivation during each of these stages appears to be neurochemically and behaviorally specific. However, much of the research to date has failed to examine deprivation during specific stages, often combining deprivation of different types. Nonetheless, these modifications of experience produce animals of differing phenotypes, which could be characterized as pathological in nature in many instances, and may model particular aspects of human psychopathologies or perhaps the propensity to develop those phenotypic features.
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“Complete social isolation in adolescent rodents evokes widespread structural and functional changes in the brain, most prominently in neuromodulatory dopamine and serotonin systems and particularly within cortical and striatal targets.33, 36, 37”
From The effects of social deprivation on adolescent development and mental health (2020) · cites this paper as [33]
In the citing paper
“This rodent research has shown that social isolation causes substantial changes in brain and behaviour,31 especially if isolation occurs during development.33, 34”
From The effects of social deprivation on adolescent development and mental health (2020) · cites this paper as [33]
In the citing paper
“Thus, complete social deprivation during rodent adolescence affects brain development, mainly affecting motivation and reward processes.33, 36”
From The effects of social deprivation on adolescent development and mental health (2020) · cites this paper as [33]
In the citing paper
“Importantly, these effects are specific to isolation during rodent adolescence and do not occur to a similar extent when isolation occurs before or after adolescence.33, 36”
From The effects of social deprivation on adolescent development and mental health (2020) · cites this paper as [33]
In the citing paper
“More specifically, although some divergent effects have been observed, the most consistent findings report that dopamine release in reward regions such as the nucleus accumbens increases following adolescent isolation, but dopamine activity in the prefrontal cortex decreases.33, 36, 37”
From The effects of social deprivation on adolescent development and mental health (2020) · cites this paper as [33]
In the citing paper
“Additional neurochemical changes include alterations to serotonin levels, with the direction of the effects differing between brain regions. For example, the prefrontal cortex shows increased serotonergic activity, whereas other brain areas, such as the hippocampus, show decreased activity. These alterations have been proposed to underlie observed behavioural changes such as increased anxiety and”
From The effects of social deprivation on adolescent development and mental health (2020) · cites this paper as [33]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Hall, F. S.
- Affiliations
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hall, F. Scott
- ORCID
- Hall, F. Scott
- Venue
- Critical Reviews™ in Neurobiology
- Publisher
- Begell House
- Published
- 1998
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 1-2
- Pages
- 129-162
- ISSN
- 0892-0915 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2127857578
- Cited by
- 512
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 27 · 2012: 31
- FWCI
- 24.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Critical Reviews in Neurobiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- social deprivation, social isolation, developmental stages, neurochemistry, behavioral effects, animal models of psychopathology
- MeSH terms
- Age Factors, Animals, Animals, Newborn, Behavior, Animal, Brain Chemistry, Critical Period, Psychological, Maternal Deprivation, Social Isolation, Rats
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