Social deprivation of neonatal, adolescent, and adult rats has distinct neurochemical and behavioral consequences
Abstract
This review examines the consequences of social deprivation on brain chemistry and behavior on rats. Although social deprivation produces wide-ranging behavioral and neurochemical effects, it appears that these effects are determined by a number of factors, the most critical factor being the age or developmental stage during the period of deprivation. Roughly, the effects examined in this review may be separated into three major developmental stages and each is related to deprivation of specific types of social interaction: preweaning/neonatal, postweaning/adolescent, and adult. The effects of social deprivation during each of these stages appears to be neurochemically and behaviorally specific. However, much of the research to date has failed to examine deprivation during specific stages, often combining deprivation of different types. Nonetheless, these modifications of experience produce animals of differing phenotypes, which could be characterized as pathological in nature in many instances, and may model particular aspects of human psychopathologies or perhaps the propensity to develop those phenotypic features.
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Complete social isolation in adolescent rodents evokes widespread structural and functional brain changes, most prominently in dopamine and serotonin systems and cortical/striatal targets.
“Complete social isolation in adolescent rodents evokes widespread structural and functional changes in the brain, most prominently in neuromodulatory dopamine and serotonin systems and particularly within cortical and striatal targets.33, 36, 37”
From The effects of social deprivation on adolescent development and mental health (2020) · cites this paper as [33]
Rodent research shows social isolation causes substantial changes in brain and behaviour, especially if isolation occurs during development.
“This rodent research has shown that social isolation causes substantial changes in brain and behaviour,31 especially if isolation occurs during development.33, 34”
From The effects of social deprivation on adolescent development and mental health (2020) · cites this paper as [33]
Complete social deprivation during rodent adolescence affects brain development, mainly motivation and reward processes.
“Thus, complete social deprivation during rodent adolescence affects brain development, mainly affecting motivation and reward processes.33, 36”
From The effects of social deprivation on adolescent development and mental health (2020) · cites this paper as [33]
These brain effects are specific to isolation during rodent adolescence and do not occur to a similar extent when isolation occurs before or after adolescence.
“Importantly, these effects are specific to isolation during rodent adolescence and do not occur to a similar extent when isolation occurs before or after adolescence.33, 36”
From The effects of social deprivation on adolescent development and mental health (2020) · cites this paper as [33]
Most consistent findings report increased dopamine release in reward regions such as nucleus accumbens and decreased dopamine activity in prefrontal cortex following adolescent isolation.
“More specifically, although some divergent effects have been observed, the most consistent findings report that dopamine release in reward regions such as the nucleus accumbens increases following adolescent isolation, but dopamine activity in the prefrontal cortex decreases.33, 36, 37”
From The effects of social deprivation on adolescent development and mental health (2020) · cites this paper as [33]
Adolescent isolation alters serotonin levels, with increased serotonergic activity in prefrontal cortex and decreased activity in hippocampus.
“Additional neurochemical changes include alterations to serotonin levels, with the direction of the effects differing between brain regions. For example, the prefrontal cortex shows increased serotonergic activity, whereas other brain areas, such as the hippocampus, show decreased activity. These alterations have been proposed to underlie observed behavioural changes such as increased anxiety and”
From The effects of social deprivation on adolescent development and mental health (2020) · cites this paper as [33]
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- Authors
- Hall, F. S.
- Affiliations
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hall, F. Scott
- ORCID
- Hall, F. Scott
- Venue
- Critical Reviews™ in Neurobiology
- Publisher
- Begell House
- Published
- 1998
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 1-2
- Pages
- 129-162
- ISSN
- 0892-0915 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2127857578
- Cited by
- 512
- References
- 0
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- FWCI
- 24.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Critical Reviews in Neurobiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- social deprivation, social isolation, developmental stages, neurochemistry, behavioral effects, animal models of psychopathology
- MeSH terms
- Age Factors, Animals, Animals, Newborn, Behavior, Animal, Brain Chemistry, Critical Period, Psychological, Maternal Deprivation, Social Isolation, Rats
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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