The DOI matches its Crossref record; 4 of the 4 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Human Urinary Exosomes as Innate Immune Effectors
Open accessAbstract
Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles, approximately 50 nm in diameter, derived from the endocytic pathway and released by a variety of cell types. Recent data indicate a spectrum of exosomal functions, including RNA transfer, antigen presentation, modulation of apoptosis, and shedding of obsolete protein. Exosomes derived from all nephron segments are also present in human urine, where their function is unknown. Although one report suggested in vitro uptake of exosomes by renal cortical collecting duct cells, most studies of human urinary exosomes have focused on biomarker discovery rather than exosome function. Here, we report results from in-depth proteomic analyses and EM showing that normal human urinary exosomes are significantly enriched for innate immune proteins that include antimicrobial proteins and peptides and bacterial and viral receptors. Urinary exosomes, but not the prevalent soluble urinary protein uromodulin (Tamm-Horsfall protein), potently inhibited growth of pathogenic and commensal Escherichia coli and induced bacterial lysis. Bacterial killing depended on exosome structural integrity and occurred optimally at the acidic pH typical of urine from omnivorous humans. Thus, exosomes are innate immune effectors that contribute to host defense within the urinary tract.
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B lymphocytes secrete antigen-presenting vesicles.
Raposo, G., Nijman, H. W., Stoorvogel, W., Liejendekker, R., Harding, C. V., Melief, C. J., & Geuze, H. J. (1996) · The Journal of experimental medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.183.3.1161 · Cited by 3,546
Antimicrobial psoriasin (S100A7) protects human skin from Escherichia coli infection
Gläser, R., Harder, J., Lange, H., Bartels, J., Christophers, E., & Schröder, J.-M. (2005) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni1142 · Cited by 651
A HUPO test sample study reveals common problems in mass spectrometry–based proteomics
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Tamm-Horsfall protein and urinary exosome isolation
Fernández-Llama, P., Khositseth, S., Gonzales, P. A., Star, R. A., Pisitkun, T., & Knepper, M. A. (2010) · Kidney International · doi:10.1038/ki.2009.550 · Cited by 290
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Yáñez‐Mó, M., Siljander, P. R. ‐., Andreu, Z., Bedina Zavec, A., Borràs, F. E., Buzas, E. I., Buzas, K., Casal, E., Cappello, F., Carvalho, J., et al. (2015) · Journal of Extracellular Vesicles · doi:10.3402/jev.v4.27066 · Cited by 5,926
Erdbrügger, U., Blijdorp, C. J., Bijnsdorp, I. V., Borràs, F. E., Burger, D., Bussolati, B., Byrd, J. B., Clayton, A., Dear, J. W., Falcón‐Pérez, J. M., et al. (2021) · Journal of Extracellular Vesicles · doi:10.1002/jev2.12093 · Cited by 404
The function and clinical application of extracellular vesicles in innate immune regulation
Zhou, X., Xie, F., Wang, L., Zhang, L., Zhang, S., Fang, M., & Zhou, F. (2020) · Cellular & Molecular Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41423-020-0391-1 · Cited by 294
Ramirez-Garrastacho, M., Bajo-Santos, C., Line, A., Martens-Uzunova, E. S., de la Fuente, J. M., Moros, M., Soekmadji, C., Tasken, K. A., & Llorente, A. (2022) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1038/s41416-021-01610-8 · Cited by 130
Extracellular vesicles as personalized medicine
Beetler, D. J., Di Florio, D. N., Bruno, K. A., Ikezu, T., March, K. L., Cooper, L. T., Wolfram, J., & Fairweather, D. (2023) · Molecular Aspects of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.mam.2022.101155 · Cited by 101
Metadata
- Authors
- Hiemstra, T. F., Charles, P. D., Gracia, T., Hester, S. S., Gatto, L., Al-Lamki, R., Floto, R. A., Su, Y., Skepper, J. N., Lilley, K. S., & Karet Frankl, F. E.
- Venue
- Journal of the American Society of Nephrology
- Published
- 2014-09
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 2017-2027
- ISSN
- 1046-6673 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2131840270
- Cited by
- 167
- References
- 4
- FWCI
- 5.11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
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- Hiemstra, T. F., Charles, P. D., Gracia, T., Hester, S. S., Gatto, L., Al-Lamki, R., Floto, R. A., Su, Y., Skepper, J. N., Lilley, K. S., & Karet Frankl, F. E. (2014). Human Urinary Exosomes as Innate Immune Effectors. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. https://doi.org/10.1681/asn.2013101066
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