Smart polymeric nanofibers for topical delivery of levothyroxine
Open accessAbstract
Topical administration of levothyroxine (T₄) helps to reduces deposits of adipose tissue on skin. The question is whether topical application of T₄ could lead to systemic effects. In the present study a series of nanofibrous membranes were electrospun into blends of poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) and poly-N-isopropylacrylamide (PNIPAM) to develop a sustained topical delivery of T₄. The polymeric nanofiber mats were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. In vitro permeation of the drug from the polymeric nanofibers was studied using excised human skin and the permeation mechanism investigated using confocal microscopy. It was observed that polymeric nanofibers were able to sustain the penetration of T₄ to the skin and help maintain the effective drug concentration in the skin layers for longer period of time. These formulations may have potential uses in topical skin products and can help to increase the accumulation of the active compound on the skin surface thus minimize the adverse side effects which may be caused by systemic absorption. This may result in great improvement in consumer compliance, avoid frequent dosing and enhance the therapeutic effectiveness.
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Azarbayjani et al. decreased LT4 skin permeability to almost an undetectable level by encapsulating LT4 into sustained-release nanoparticles.
“Azarbayjani et al further decreased the permeability to almost an undetectable level by encapsulating LT4 into sustained-release nanoparticles (266, 267).”
From Levothyroxine: conventional and novel drug delivery formulations. (2023) · cites this paper as [267]
50% to 70% of LT4 was gradually released in vitro during the first 15 to 30 minutes, with the remainder released in the next 2 to 7 hours.
“However, 50% to 70% of LT4 was gradually released in vitro during the first 15 to 30 minutes, with the remainder being released in the next 2 to 7 hours, denoting an unsatisfying sustained-release profile.”
From Levothyroxine: conventional and novel drug delivery formulations. (2023) · cites this paper as [267]
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- Authors
- Fathi Azarbayjani, A., Venugopal, J. R., Ramakrishna, S., Lim, F. C., Chan, Y. W., & Chan, S. Y.
- Affiliations
- National University of Singapore (SG)
- Singapore General Hospital (SG)
- Venue
- Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2010-09-29
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 400
- ISSN
- 1482-1826 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2162761364
- Cited by
- 56
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 1.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- National University of Singapore (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmaceutical Science › Advancements in Transdermal Drug Delivery
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Electrospun Nanofibers in Biomedical Applications
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmaceutical Science › Advanced Drug Delivery Systems
- Keywords
- levothyroxine, topical drug delivery, polymer nanofibers, electrospinning, polyvinyl alcohol, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), nanofibrous membranes, sustained drug release, skin permeation, human skin, permeation mechanism, antithyroid drugs
- MeSH terms
- Acrylic Resins, Administration, Topical, Humans, Indoles, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Polyvinyl Alcohol, Skin, Thyroxine, Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared, Fluorescein, Hormone Replacement Therapy, Nanofibers
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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