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Education Groups for Men Who Batter
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“Emotional abuse may occur independently or alongside physical or sexual violence, collectively functioning to erode agency and reinforce power asymmetries (Pence and Paymar, 1993).”
From From use to abuse: psychological, neurobiological, and spiritual pathways in relational harm and recovery (2026) · cites this paper as Pence and Paymar, 1993
In the citing paper
“Researchers identify isolation as a form of psychological manipulation used in offenses (e.g., in intimate partner violence: Pence and Paymar 1993; Stark 2007) or financial abuse by relatives and caretakers (DeLiema 2018).”
From “If We Don’t Listen to Them, We Make Them Lose More than Money:” Exploring Reasons for Underreporting and the Needs of Older Scam Victims (2023) · cites this paper as Pence and Paymar 1993
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Editorial: Treatment for perpetrators of domestic violence: controversy in policy and practice
Rivett, M. (2006) · Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health · doi:10.1002/cbm.617 · Cited by 8
Lamade, R. V., Grabanski, C. R., Frenking, N. S., & Pennine, M. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-85493-5_871-1 · Cited by 9
Intimate Partner Violence: Terms, Forms, and Typologies
Heyman, R. E., Mitnick, D. M., & Slep, A. M. S. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-89999-2_131 · Cited by 7
Cramer, H., Gaunt, D., Shallcross, R., Bates, L., Kandiyali, R., Sardinha, L., Rice, C. T., Man, M., Feder, G. S., Peters, T. J., et al. (2024) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-024-18640-5 · Cited by 7
The technification of domestic abuse: Methods, tools and criminal justice responses
Sugiura, L., Button, M., Nurse, J. R. C., Tapley, J., Sağlam, R. B., Hawkins, C., Frederick, B., & Blackbourn, D. (2024) · Criminology & Criminal Justice · doi:10.1177/17488958241266760 · Cited by 8
“We utilise the TDA as an integral aspect of coercive control (Dragiewicz et al., 2018; Yardley, 2020), which encompasses a pattern of behaviour aimed at depriving individuals of their freedoms, liberties and independence in such situations (Pain, 2014; Pence and Paymar, 1993; Stark, 2007).”
Bhogal, M. S., Galbraith, N. D., Guy, A., Rhead, C., & Lalli, G. S. (2025) · Violence and Victims · doi:10.1891/vv-2024-0139 · Cited by 10
Speaking Through Silence: The Lonelification at the Core of Domestic Abuse
Waller, S. S., & Forinder, U. (2025) · Violence Against Women · doi:10.1177/10778012251323268 · Cited by 8
“While it is recognized that isolation is a key tactic adopted by abusers (Bellotti et al., 2021; Pence & Paymar, 1993), this study contributes to a deeper and broader understanding of the central role of loneliness and lonely-making in DVA not only in terms of social isolation and social…”
Endless litigation in family court as a method of post-separation coercive control
McCormack, M. (2025) · Journal of Social Welfare and Family Law · doi:10.1080/09649069.2025.2530882 · Cited by 11
Fridel, E. E., & Zimmerman, G. M. (2022) · Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency · doi:10.1177/00224278221113564 · Cited by 7
“With respect to IPV, this kind of coercive control is de fi ned by the systematic oppression of women by men accomplished through intimidation, social isolation, economic dependency, and violence against the victim or her children (Dobash and Dobash 1979; Pence and Paymar 1993).”
BackgroundWilson, B., Zawitkowski, S., Weiss, S., Docherty, L., & Barata, P. C. (2023) · Violence Against Women · doi:10.1177/10778012231185540 · Cited by 7
Cares, A. C., Khallouq, B. A. B., & Mukazhanova-Powell, K. (2023) · Journal of Family Violence · doi:10.1007/s10896-023-00602-x · Cited by 7
“As highlighted by the Duluth Model, physical violence is just one abuse tactic used to try to gain control over a partner (Pence & Paymar, 1993).”
McGinn, T., McColgan, M., Daly, M., & Taylor, B. J. (2019) · Violence and Victims · doi:10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-17-00150 · Cited by 7
Joshi, A., Joshi, A., Chatterjee, I., Kantak, C., & Puntambekar, A. (2021) · Journal of Family Therapy · doi:10.1111/1467-6427.12337 · Cited by 8
Giordano, P. C., Grace, M. M., Longmore, M. A., et al. (2022) · Journal of Marriage and the Family · doi:10.1111/jomf.12864 · Cited by 7
“…useful in offering concrete portraits of the character of IPV, but discussions—theoretical and programmatic—have centered primarily on men’s concerns about their female partner’s actions (e.g., jealousy, need to monitor the partner’s whereabouts; De Coster & Heimer, 2021; Pence & Paymar, 1993).”
BackgroundThe polite abuser: Using politeness theory to examine emotional abuse
Alvarez, C. F., & Miller‐Ott, A. E. (2022) · Personal Relationships · doi:10.1111/pere.12442 · Cited by 9
Morgan, K., Man, M., Bloomer, R., Cochrane, M., Cole, M., Dheensa, S., Eisenstadt, N., Feder, G. S., Gaunt, D., Leach, R., et al. (2023) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-023-07612-6 · Cited by 11
Examining Intimate Partner Violence Types in a Diverse Sample of Court-Referred Parenting Dyads
Wray, A. M., Hoyt, T., Gerstle, M., & Leitman, B. (2015) · Journal of Child Custody · doi:10.1080/15379418.2015.1092911 · Cited by 8
LGB and T? The Specificity of Anti-Transgender Hate Crime
Haynes, A., & Schweppe, J. (2017) · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · doi:10.1057/978-1-137-52667-0_6 · Cited by 7
Relationship Violence Perpetrator Intervention Programs: History and Models
Murphy, C. M., Rosenbaum, A., & Hamberger, L. K. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-62122-7_134-1 · Cited by 7
Pearson, D. A. S., Steward, C. D., & Ford, A. (2020) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/0886260520907356 · Cited by 7
“Such programs, based on the Duluth model (Pence & Paymar, 1993), assume that abuse stems from a belief system of entitlement to male privilege (Day et al., 2010).”
Critical Race Theory, Parenting, and Intimate Partner Violence: Analyzing Race and Gender
Cannon, C. E. B., Ferreira, R. J., & Buttell, F. (2018) · Research on Social Work Practice · doi:10.1177/1049731518772151 · Cited by 8
Using Dyadic Concordance Types to Understand Frequency of Intimate Partner Violence
Hines, D. A., Straus, M. A., & Douglas, E. M. (2020) · Partner Abuse · doi:10.1891/1946-6560.11.1.76 · Cited by 6
Bals, N. (2008) · VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-531-90879-3_5 · Cited by 7
English- and Spanish-Speaking Women's Use of Violence
Tower, L. E., & Fernández, M. E. D. L. P. (2007) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/0886260507307649 · Cited by 7
A Critical New Pathway Towards Change in Abusive Relationships: The Theory of Transition Framework
Shy, Y., & Mills, L. G. (2010) · Clinical Social Work Journal · doi:10.1007/s10615-010-0279-0 · Cited by 7
Programs for Partner-Violent Men: Shared Goals With Different Strategies
Holmgren, E., Holma, J. M., & Seikkula, J. (2015) · Partner Abuse · doi:10.1891/1946-6560.6.4.461 · Cited by 7
Identification of abuse experiences of South Asian women in the US and women in Mumbai, India
Bhandari, S. (2020) · Health Care For Women International · doi:10.1080/07399332.2020.1725765 · Cited by 7
“The current study used the Duluth model (Pence & Paymar, 1993) that was developed based on the experiences of 200 abused women in a battered women’s shelter in Duluth, Minnesota.”
BackgroundMethodBolton, K. W., Lehmann, P., Jordan, C., et al. (2016) · Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment · doi:10.1080/10911359.2016.1172996 · Cited by 7
“Across North America, the Domestic Abuse Intervention Project (DAIP) (Pence & Paymar, 1993), otherwise known as the Duluth Model, has been the most dominant intervention response to offenders charged with intimate partner violence.”
BackgroundIt’s (Not) Over: Relationship Instability and Recovery Between Victims and Detained Domestic Abusers
Carotta, C. L., Bonomi, A. E., Lee, M. A., & Terrell, L. A. (2015) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/0886260515619171 · Cited by 7
CBT for Perpetrators of Intimate Partner Violence
Eckhardt, C. I., Crane, C. A., & Sprunger, J. G. (2013) · doi:10.1002/9781118589878.ch10 · Cited by 7
Fofola e Fala ka e Talanoa e Kainga
Havea, S., Alefaio‐Tugia, S., & Hodgetts, D. (2021) · Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology · doi:10.1177/18344909211040866 · Cited by 7
Batterer Intervention Program (BIP)
Cunha, O. S., & Caridade, S. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-85493-5_88-1 · Cited by 8
Kahn, E. R., Finlayson, T. L., Rasmussen, L. A. L., Raj, A., Silverman, J. G., Rusch, M., & Reed, E. (2022) · Adolescents · doi:10.3390/adolescents2040038 · Cited by 6
“, feminist theory) propose that IPV is a manifestation of patriarchal structures and beliefs that lead to male displays of power, control, and desires to dominate women [25,26].”
BackgroundBarocas, B., Yang, S., Park, Y., Shimizu, R., Murakami, N. J., Avieli, H., & Mills, L. G. (2022) · Journal of Family Violence · doi:10.1007/s10896-022-00480-9 · Cited by 6
Criminal Thinking in a Sample of Men and Women Attending a Multi-Site Batterer Intervention Program
Solinas‐Saunders, M., & Stacer, M. J. (2022) · Crime & Delinquency · doi:10.1177/00111287221130959 · Cited by 6
Neiva, J., Silva, A. L., & Gonçalves, M. (2024) · Journal of International Migration and Integration / Revue de l integration et de la migration internationale · doi:10.1007/s12134-024-01219-9 · Cited by 6
“However, the Duluth Model’s (Pence & Paymar, 1993) explanation of IPV as a continuous pattern of controlling behaviors punctuated by episodes of acute violence was more prevalent (Wilson, 2019).”
Examining Rates of Engagement over Time with Court-Ordered Men in a Domestic Abuse Treatment Program
Chovanec, M. G., & Roseborough, D. J. (2016) · Social Work With Groups · doi:10.1080/01609513.2016.1204648 · Cited by 6
Brown, J., & Chew, D. (2018) · Journal of Aggression Maltreatment & Trauma · doi:10.1080/10926771.2017.1410744 · Cited by 6
Whitman, M. R., Burchett, D. L., Tarescavage, A. M., et al. (2020) · Criminal Justice and Behavior · doi:10.1177/0093854820918003 · Cited by 6
“Treatment under this model primarily consists of groupbased psychoeducation from a feminist perspective (Pence & Paymar, 1993).”
BackgroundMethodFox, J. M., Reilly, J. L., Kosson, D. S., Brown, A., Hanlon, R. E., & Brook, M. A. (2020) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/0886260520918567 · Cited by 6
“Current treatment methods for IPV include cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) or a feminist approach (typically based on the Duluth model; Babcock et al., 2004; Pence & Paymar, 1993).”
MethodUnmet Interpersonal Needs Contribute to Accepting Attitudes towards Intimate Partner Violence
Smith, P. N., Basu, N., Wolford‐Clevenger, C., Schuler, K. R., Marie, L., Kuhlman, S. T. W., & Boone, S. D. (2020) · Journal of Aggression Maltreatment & Trauma · doi:10.1080/10926771.2020.1821855 · Cited by 6
“Finally, based on the power and control wheel developed by Pence and Paymar (1993), isolation is a key nonphysical abusive behavior to maintain control.”
MethodMunro, O. E., & Sellbom, M. (2021) · Psychology Crime and Law · doi:10.1080/1068316x.2021.1929976 · Cited by 6
Renehan, N. (2022) · Probation Journal · doi:10.1177/02645505221141952 · Cited by 6
Oğuztüzün, Ç., Koyutürk, M., & Karakurt, G. (2023) · Psychosocial Intervention · doi:10.5093/pi2023a6 · Cited by 10
Family Court and a Review of Family Services in the Department of Veterans Affairs
Sayers, S. L., Glynn, S. M., & McCutcheon, S. J. (2014) · Family Court Review · doi:10.1111/fcre.12098 · Cited by 6
Paternité en contexte de violence conjugale : regards rétrospectif et prospectif
Labarre, M., & Roy, V. (2015) · Enfances Familles Générations · doi:10.7202/1031117ar · Cited by 6
Kelley, M. L., & Braitman, A. L. (2016) · Journal of Family Violence · doi:10.1007/s10896-016-9802-6 · Cited by 6
Missing the Trees for the Forest: Understanding Aggression Among Physically Victimized Women
Orengo‐Aguayo, R., & Lawrence, E. E. (2014) · Partner Abuse · doi:10.1891/1946-6560.5.3.297 · Cited by 6
Morrissey, L., Wettersten, K. B., & Brionez, J. (2018) · Psychology of Women Quarterly · doi:10.1177/0361684318806681 · Cited by 6
Lee-Maturana, S., Matthewson, M. L., & Dwan, C. A. (2020) · American Journal of Family Therapy · doi:10.1080/01926187.2020.1837035 · Cited by 6
“This finding is consistent with the literature showing that females are more likely to be survivors of family violence than are males (Archer, 2000; Australian Institute of Health & Welfare, 2019; Norlander & Eckhardt, 2005; Pence & Paymar, 1993).”
ResultViolence towards women and their decisions to take action: A complex systems approach
Katerndahl, D. A., Burge, S. K., Villacampa, M. D. P. M., Becho, J., & Rodriguez, J. (2021) · Medical Hypotheses · doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2021.110589 · Cited by 6
Eriksson, L., McPhedran, S., Mazerolle, P., & Wortley, R. (2022) · Homicide Studies · doi:10.1177/10887679221079801 · Cited by 6
“…emphasize men’s violence against their intimate partners as a function of patriarchal gender structures, male entitlement, and proprietary attitudes (e.g., Daly & Chesney-Lind, 1988; Daly & Wilson, 1988; Dobash & Dobash, 1979; Heise & Kotsadam, 2015; Pence & Paymar, 1993; Taylor & Jasinski, 2011).”
BackgroundFeminist Theories in Criminology and the Application to Cybercrimes
Marganski, A. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-78440-3_28 · Cited by 9
L’évolution du réseau social des femmes victimes de violence conjugale
Nolet, A.-M., Morselli, C., & Cousineau, M. (2019) · Criminologie · doi:10.7202/1065865ar · Cited by 5
“My way or no way”: Anarchic power, relationship satisfaction, and male violence
Rehman, U. S., Holtzworth‐Munroe, A., HERRON, K., & Clements, K. (2009) · Personal Relationships · doi:10.1111/j.1475-6811.2009.01235.x · Cited by 6
When White Buffalo Calf Woman Meets Oedipus on the Road
Haaken, J. (2008) · Theory & Psychology · doi:10.1177/0959354307087881 · Cited by 6
Men's Violence and Programs Focused on Change
Dobash, R. E., & Dobash, R. P. (1997) · Current Issues in Criminal Justice · doi:10.1080/10345329.1997.12036743 · Cited by 6
Efficacy of treatment approaches for stalking offenders: a systematic review
Travaini, G. V., Flutti, E., Moretti, G., Carabellese, F., Catanesi, R., Mandarelli, G., Buongiorno, L., Carabellese, F., Ferracuti, S., & Parmigiani, G. (2024) · International Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/09540261.2024.2368796 · Cited by 5
“These women, along with community members, formed the Domestic Abuse Intervention Project to address the issue of domestic violence more effectively (Pence & Paymar, 1993).”
Burton, V., & Gormally, S. (2023) · Children & Society · doi:10.1111/chso.12724 · Cited by 5
Armenti, N. A., Snead, A. L., & Babcock, J. C. (2017) · Crime & Delinquency · doi:10.1177/0011128716685813 · Cited by 5
Papamichail, A., & Bates, E. A. (2019) · Partner Abuse · doi:10.1891/1946-6560.10.4.517 · Cited by 5
Emerging Treatment Models and Programs in Intimate Partner Violence Treatment: An Introduction
Wagers, S. M., & Radatz, D. L. (2020) · Partner Abuse · doi:10.1891/pa-2020-0015 · Cited by 5
Psychological Theories of Intimate Partner Violence
Eckhardt, C. I., & Massa, A. A. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-89999-2_137 · Cited by 5
Rani, A., Raman, K. J., Singh, V. K., Antony, S., Ammapattian, T., Chethan, B. S., & Prabhu, S. G. (2022) · Violence and Gender · doi:10.1089/vio.2022.0017 · Cited by 5
A literature review of the role of forensic linguistics in gender-based violent crimes in Italy
Benedetti, N., & Queralt, S. (2023) · Revista de llengua i dret · doi:10.58992/rld.i79.2023.3857 · Cited by 6
Havea, S., Alefaio-Tugia, S., & Hodgetts, D. (2023) · Qualitative Research in Psychology · doi:10.1080/14780887.2023.2180462 · Cited by 5
Cramer, H., Eisenstadt, N., Päivinen, H., et al. (2024) · International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology · doi:10.1177/0306624x241254699 · Cited by 5
“The unequal gender order and the gendered beliefs, expectations, and behaviors that co-constitute and reinstate that order, is thought to be one of the most powerful causes of intimate partner violence (IPV; Dobash, 2004; Hester, 2013; Pence & Paymar, 1993).”
Law Enforcement Officers Involved in Domestic Violence as Batterers
Edwards, J. B. (2006) · Journal of Couple & Relationship Therapy · doi:10.1300/j398v05n01_02 · Cited by 5
Scientific Evidence for Domestic Violence Treatment
Lohr, J. M., Hamberger, L. K., Witte, T. H., et al. (2006) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-28370-8_25 · Cited by 5
A Narrative Approach to Group Work with Men Who Batter
Hall, J. C. (2011) · Social Work With Groups · doi:10.1080/01609513.2010.544914 · Cited by 5
Rhodes, K. V., & Iwashyna, T. J. (2009) · Behaviour Change · doi:10.1375/bech.26.3.174 · Cited by 5
Mediator and Survivor Perspectives on Screening for Intimate Partner Abuse
Bingham, S. G., Beldin, K. L., & Dendinger, L. (2014) · Conflict Resolution Quarterly · doi:10.1002/crq.21090 · Cited by 5
Fictional power and control and the reality of abusive behaviour
Brown, H. A. (2016) · Journal of Gender Studies · doi:10.1080/09589236.2016.1223611 · Cited by 5
“…is a way in which men maintain control in a relationship: ‘[w]hen his authority is challenged, a batterer reacts by employing controlling and abusive behaviors, including violence to maintain control and retain the privileges to which he believes he is entitled’ (Pence & Paymar, 1993, p. 147).”
BackgroundSjödin, A.-K., Wallinius, M., Billstedt, E., Hofvander, B., & Nilsson, T. (2017) · International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology · doi:10.1177/0306624x17739180 · Cited by 6
Dyadic Conceptualization, Measurement, and Analysis of Family Violence
Rodriguez, L. M., & Straus, M. A. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-61625-4_2 · Cited by 5
Psychological Theories of Intimate Partner Violence
Eckhardt, C. I., & Massa, A. A. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-62122-7_137-1 · Cited by 6
Denials of Responsibility in Couple Therapy
Smoliak, O., Rice, C. M., Knudson‐Martin, C., Briscoe, C., LeCouteur, A., LaMarre, A., Tseliou, E., Addison, M., Myers, M., Velikonja, L., et al. (2021) · Journal of Couple & Relationship Therapy · doi:10.1080/15332691.2021.1967248 · Cited by 6
“The well-known Power and Control Wheel (Pence & Paymar, 1993) used in preventing and addressing IPV identifies abuse minimization and denial as forms of abuse.”
MethodGender, Relationship Concerns, and Intimate Partner Violence in Young Adulthood
Giordano, P. C., Grace, M. M., Manning, W. D., & Longmore, M. A. (2022) · Journal of Family Violence · doi:10.1007/s10896-022-00399-1 · Cited by 5
van Tilburg, C. A., van Dam, A., de Wolf-Jacobs, E., de Ruiter, C., & Smeets, T. (2022) · International Journal of Group Psychotherapy · doi:10.1080/00207284.2022.2105702 · Cited by 6
Naidoo, N., & Nadvi, L. (2013) · Agenda · doi:10.1080/10130950.2013.801196 · Cited by 5
Stasiewicz-Bieńkowska, A. (2017) · Palgrave gothic · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-62782-3_11 · Cited by 5
Parent- and Sibling-Directed Aggression in Children of Domestic Violence Victims
Desir, M. P., & Karatekin, C. (2018) · Violence and Victims · doi:10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-16-00219 · Cited by 5
Creating Structure in a Time of Intense Stress: Treating Intimate Partner Violence
Rouleau, E., Barabe, T., & Blow, A. J. (2019) · Journal of Couple & Relationship Therapy · doi:10.1080/15332691.2018.1505573 · Cited by 5
“The Duluth Model uses a feminist–psychoeducational approach and a group therapy format where the primary goal of treatment is to move away from behaviors where one partner exerts power and control over the other partner (Babcock et al., 2004; Pence & Paymar, 1993).”
MethodCouples and Family Interventions for Intimate Partner Aggression: A Comprehensive Review
Bennett, V. E., Godfrey, D. A., Snead, A. L., Kehoe, C. M., Bastardas-Albero, A., & Babcock, J. C. (2020) · Partner Abuse · doi:10.1891/pa-2020-0011 · Cited by 6
Morrison, P. K., Goodkind, S. A., Holland, C. L., et al. (2021) · Violence Against Women · doi:10.1177/1077801220975505 · Cited by 5
Female Perpetrators of Intimate Partner Violence
Dowd, L. S., & Lambo, L. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-62122-7_160-1 · Cited by 8
Legal and Ethical Issues in the Court-Mandated Treatment of Batterers
Rosenbaum, A., Warnken, W. J., & Grudzinskas, A. J. (2003) · Journal of Aggression Maltreatment & Trauma · doi:10.1300/j146v07n01_12 · Cited by 5
The Use Of Personal Construct Theory In Work With Men Who Abuse Women Partners
(2000) · Probation Journal · doi:10.1177/026455050004700105 · Cited by 5
Gewalt in heterosexuellen Partnerschaften
Dobash, R. P., & Dobash, R. E. (2002) · VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-322-80376-4_36 · Cited by 5
Controversies in Partner Violence
Hines, D. A., Douglas, E. M., & Straus, M. A. (2016) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118303092.ch21 · Cited by 6
Contexts for Women’s Aggression Against Men
Bates, E. A. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-16999-6_901-1 · Cited by 5
Violence in the Family of Origin, Mentalization, and Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration
Trombetta, T., Rizzo, M., Gattino, S., & Rollè, L. (2024) · Partner Abuse · doi:10.1891/pa-2023-0039 · Cited by 7
‘Honour’‐based abuse: A descriptive study of survivor, perpetrator, and abuse characteristics
Ridley, K., Almond, L., Bafouni, N., et al. (2022) · Journal of Investigative Psychology and Offender Profiling · doi:10.1002/jip.1602 · Cited by 4
Punzo, G., & Velotti, P. (2026) · Aggressive Behavior · doi:10.1002/ab.70056 · Cited by 4
“One of the most widely implemented frameworks is the Duluth Model, rooted in feminist theory, which conceptualizes IPV as a expression of patriarchal control by men over women (Pence and Paymar 1993).”
Barrett, B. J., Fitzgerald, A., & Cheung, C. H. (2021) · Women & Criminal Justice · doi:10.1080/08974454.2021.2004970 · Cited by 4
“In Pence and Paymar (1993) widely circulated Power and Control Wheel developed as part of the Duluth Model of batterer intervention, the abuse of pets is explicitly positioned as a form of intimidation within the constellation of power and control tactics used by abusers.”
BackgroundWolbers, H., Ackerman, J. M., & Ready, J. T. (2022) · Journal of Family Violence · doi:10.1007/s10896-022-00412-7 · Cited by 4
Intimate Partner Violence in a Heterosexual Marriage: Case Study of a Korean Couple
Park, Y., Sunghui, C., & Park, T. (2022) · Australian and New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy · doi:10.1002/anzf.1512 · Cited by 4
Restorative Justice Treatment for Domestic Violence Crimes: A Qualitative Study
Barocas, B., Avieli, H., & Mills, L. G. (2023) · Criminal Justice and Behavior · doi:10.1177/00938548231202815 · Cited by 4
“In both treatment approaches, the eight themes of the Duluth model were covered during the group sessions (Pence & Paymar, 1993).”
MethodIdentity veiling: Theorizing identity gap negotiation post-intimate partner violence
Burns, A., & Peters, C. (2023) · Journal of Social and Personal Relationships · doi:10.1177/02654075231221079 · Cited by 4
“IPV tactics include coercion and threats, intimidation, emotional and economic abuse, male privilege, minimizing, denying, blaming, isolation, and using children to manipulate a partner (Pence & Paymar, 1993).”
BackgroundRates and Features of Detection Avoidance in Intimate Partner Femicide in Australia
McLachlan, F., & Ferguson, C. (2024) · Homicide Studies · doi:10.1177/10887679241233980 · Cited by 4
“Ferguson frames DA behaviors against those proposed by Pence and Paymar (1993) in the Duluth power and control wheel.”
Metadata
- Authors
- Pence, E., & Paymar, M.
- Venue
- Springer Publishing Company eBooks
- Publisher
- Springer Publishing Company
- Published
- 1993-06
- OpenAlex
- W4241620769
- Cited by
- 1,064
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 47 · 2025: 58 · 2024: 46 · 2023: 55 · 2022: 40 · 2021: 52 · 2020: 61 · 2019: 81 · 2018: 41 · 2017: 59 · 2016: 40 · 2015: 52 · 2014: 35 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 32
- FWCI
- 6.80
- Type
- book
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Springer Publishing Company eBooks (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Health › Intimate Partner and Family Violence
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Sexual Assault and Victimization Studies
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Crime Patterns and Interventions
- Keywords
- domestic violence, batterer intervention programs, Duluth model, group process, group facilitation, victim blaming, accountability, partnership
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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