Socioeconomic status and adolescent mental disorders
Open accessAbstract
Objectives. Although previous research has shown that low socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with mental illness, it is unclear which aspects of SES are most important. We investigated this issue by examining associations between 5 aspects of SES and adolescent mental disorders. Methods. Data came from a national survey of US adolescents (n = 6483). Associations among absolute SES (parental income and education), relative SES (relative deprivation, subjective social status), and community level income variation (Gini coefficient) with past-year mental disorders were examined. Results. Subjective social status (mean 0, variance 1) was most consistently associated with mental disorder. Odds ratios with mood, anxiety, substance, and behavior disorders after controlling for other SES indicators were all statistically significant and in the range of 0.7 to 0.8. Associations were strongest for White adolescents. Parent education was associated with low risk for anxiety disorder, relative deprivation with high risk for mood disorder, and the other 2 indicators were associated with none of the disorders considered. Conclusions. Associations between SES and adolescent mental disorders are most directly the result of perceived social status, an aspect of SES that might be more amenable to interventions than objective aspects of SES.
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Family income is closely related to adolescent mental health.
“There is no doubt that family income is closely related to adolescent mental health.”
From COVID-19 pandemic and adolescent mental health in China: Micro evidence and socioeconomic mechanisms (2022) · cites this paper as McLaughlin et al., 2012
The Results (Socioeconomic Status Indicators and Adolescent Mental Disorder) state that family income was not associated with past-year adolescent disorders (P = .723). The Discussion likewise reports virtually no association between absolute income and past-year mental disorders; it identifies subjective social status, rather than income, as consistently associated. (LLM, conf=0.90)
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredAdolescents from families in higher socioeconomic classes have significantly higher levels of positive affect, life satisfaction, and mental health than those in lower economic classes.
“Studies from psychology show that adolescents from families in higher socioeconomic classes have significantly higher levels of positive affect, life satisfaction, and mental health than those in lower economic classes (McLaughlin et al., 2012; Coley et al., 2018).”
From COVID-19 pandemic and adolescent mental health in China: Micro evidence and socioeconomic mechanisms (2022) · cites this paper as McLaughlin et al., 2012
The Results and Discussion (page not provided) link higher subjective social status with lower odds of adolescent mental disorders, supporting the mental-health portion of the claim. They report no association between family income and mental disorder, however, and do not report positive affect or life satisfaction. The claim therefore extends the finding beyond what this source measures. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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- Authors
- McLaughlin, K. A., Costello, E. J., Leblanc, W., Sampson, N. A., & Kessler, R. C.
- Affiliations
- Boston Children's Hospital (US)
- Venue
- American Journal of Public Health
- Publisher
- American Public Health Association
- Published
- 2012-09
- Volume
- 102
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1742-1750
- ISSN
- 0090-0036 (ISSN-L)
- 1541-0048
- PMC
- PMC3482020
- OpenAlex
- W2129549412
- Cited by
- 360
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 21 · 2025: 41 · 2024: 47 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 35 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 13.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- American Journal of Public Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Robert Wood Johnson Foundation
- John W. Alden Trust
- National Institutes of Health (5r13mh066849-04, 5r01mh069864-04, 5r01mh070884-05)
- National Institute of Mental Health (R13-MH-066849, R01-MH66627, R01MH066627, R01‐MH070884, R01MH077883, U01-MH-60220, K01MH092526, U01MH060220, R01‐MH069864)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (K05DA015799, R01DA016558)
- Fogarty International Center (R03TW006481)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- socioeconomic status, adolescent mental disorders, subjective social status, relative deprivation, parental income, parental education, Gini coefficient, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, substance use disorders, behavior disorders, racial differences
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Mental Disorders, Black or African American, Cross-Sectional Studies, Data Collection, Educational Status, Hispanic or Latino, Humans, Income, Social Class, United States, Logistic Models, Black People, White People
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