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Cited by 160Racial and Ethnic Identity ResearchSocial and Intergroup PsychologyCultural Competency in Health Care

Assessment of Biases Against Latinos and African Americans Among Primary Care Providers and Community Members

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Blair, Irene V., Havranek, Edward P., Price, David W., Hanratty, Rebecca, Fairclough, Diane L., Farley, Tillman, Hirsh, Holen K., Steiner, John F.·2013·American Journal of Public Health
DOI 10.2105/ajph.2012.300812PMC PMC3518332
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Abstract

OBJECTIVES: We assessed implicit and explicit bias against both Latinos and African Americans among experienced primary care providers (PCPs) and community members (CMs) in the same geographic area. METHODS: Two hundred ten PCPs and 190 CMs from 3 health care organizations in the Denver, Colorado, metropolitan area completed Implicit Association Tests and self-report measures of implicit and explicit bias, respectively. RESULTS: With a 60% participation rate, the PCPs demonstrated substantial implicit bias against both Latinos and African Americans, but this was no different from CMs. Explicit bias was largely absent in both groups. Adjustment for background characteristics showed the PCPs had slightly weaker ethnic/racial bias than CMs. CONCLUSIONS: This research provided the first evidence of implicit bias against Latinos in health care, as well as confirming previous findings of implicit bias against African Americans. Lack of substantive differences in bias between the experienced PCPs and CMs suggested a wider societal problem. At the same time, the wide range of implicit bias suggested that bias in health care is neither uniform nor inevitable, and important lessons might be learned from providers who do not exhibit bias.

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  • The only three studies conducted in naturalistic settings combined the IAT with measures of physician-patient interaction.

    “The only three studies conducted in naturalistic settings combined the IAT with measures of physician-patient interaction [22–24].”

    From Implicit bias in healthcare professionals: a systematic review (2017) · cites this paper as [22]

    The Methods (Participants and Procedure; Measures) describe recruiting primary care providers from clinical practices and administering IATs. But the study measured bias and explicit attitudes, not physician–patient interactions; it also does not establish that there were only three such studies. (LLM, conf=0.85)

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Research works printed but not linked: 26

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Blair, I. V., Havranek, E. P., Price, D. W., Hanratty, R., Fairclough, D. L., Farley, T., Hirsh, H. K., & Steiner, J. F.
Affiliations
Kaiser Permanente (US)
ORCID
Venue
American Journal of Public Health
Publisher
American Public Health Association
Published
2013-01
Volume
103
Issue
1
Pages
92-98
ISSN
  • 0090-0036 (ISSN-L)
  • 1541-0048
DOI
10.2105/ajph.2012.300812
PMC
PMC3518332
OpenAlex
W2145320067
Cited by
160
References
5
Citations by year
2026: 7 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 3
FWCI
21.10
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • American Journal of Public Health (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • Kaiser Permanente
  • National Institutes of Health
  • National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R21HL089623, HL089623, HL088198, R01HL088198)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Racial and Ethnic Identity Research
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Cultural Competency in Health Care
Keywords
implicit bias, explicit bias, Hispanic Americans, African Americans, primary care providers, community members, racial bias in medicine, Implicit Association Test, health disparities, Denver
MeSH terms
Workforce, Adolescent, Adult, Attitude of Health Personnel, Black or African American, Colorado, Female, Hispanic or Latino, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Physician-Patient Relations, Primary Health Care, Stereotyped Behavior, Health Care Surveys, Young Adult, Racism

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