Cited by 994Smoking Behavior and CessationChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) ResearchPrenatal Substance Exposure Effects

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Comparison of tests used to distinguish smokers from nonsmokers

Jarvis, M J, Tunstall-Pedoe, H, Feyerabend, C, Vesey, C, Saloojee, Y·1987·American Journal of Public Health

DOI 10.2105/ajph.77.11.1435

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Abstract

Questionnaire and biochemical measures of smoking were studied in 211 hospital outpatients. Eleven different tests of smoke intake were compared for their ability to categorize smokers and nonsmokers correctly. The concentration of cotinine, whether measured in plasma, saliva, or urine, was the best indicator of smoking, with sensitivity of 96-97 per cent and specificity of 99-100 per cent. Thiocyanate provided the poorest discrimination. Carbon monoxide measured as blood carboxyhaemoglobin or in expired air gave sensitivity and specificity of about 90 per cent. Sensitivities of the tests were little affected by the presence among the claimed nonsmokers of a group of 21 "deceivers" who concealed their smoking. It is concluded that cotinine is the measure of choice, but for most clinical applications carbon monoxide provides an acceptable degree of discrimination and is considerably cheaper and simpler to apply.

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Method
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BackgroundInfluential
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“The CO content [22] is measured in ppm (part per million) using the Bedfont Smokerlyzer Micro +.”
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Background
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“Current smoking in HUSK2 was defined as plasma cotinine concentrations ≥ 85 nmol/L [ 32] or self-reported smoking status for participants with missing cotinine values ( n = 10).”
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“Anyway, the range of cotinine concentration in non-smokers is lower than the discrimination threshold (50–100 lg/L) between active and passive smokers [30].”
Background
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“[26] verified smoking cessation by evaluating the concentrations of carbon monoxide, we assessed urine cotinine levels; it is considered to be a stronger indicator of smoking cessation over 48–72 hours [27].”
Method
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“Participants were considered to be smokers with blood cotinine levels greater than 15 μg/L (14).”
Background
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The BeHealthyR Study: a randomized trial of a multicomponent intervention to reduce stress, smoking and improve financial health of low-income residents in Rotterdam
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“This value is programmed into the SmokeLyzer device [69] and equals that recommended by other studies [70, 71].”
Result
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“The primary validation measure is cotinine, with 96–97% sensitivity and 99–100% specificity [34].”
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Medical students of Kyrgyzstan: Smoking prevalence and attitudes to smoking cessation counseling
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“00 ng/ml were regarded as deceivers) (N=1 971) (26, 27), and those without complete covariate data (N=5 867), 36 584 study members (19 792 women) remained.”
Background
DATA MINING AND PATTERN DISCOVERY USING EXPLORATORY AND VISUALIZATION METHODS FOR LARGE MULTIDIMENSIONAL DATASETS
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¿Mienten los pacientes con EPOC sobre su hábito tabáquico?
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“Both CO and cotinine testing are well-established methods of validating smoking status that have high sensitivity and specificity (Jarvis et al., 1980; Jarvis et al., 1987).”
Method
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Background
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“니코틴과 니코틴의 대사산물 니코틴(nicotine)은 가지과 식물에서 발견되는 알칼로이 드 물질로 흡연의 습관성을 만드는 주된 중독성 물질이며 흡 연에 대한 특이도가 높다.(12) 혈중 니코틴 반감기는 대략 2-3시간으로, 체내에 들어가면 혈류에 의해 빠르게 퍼지고, 뇌혈막을 통과하게 된다.”
Encuesta respiratoria en una población rural
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“[30] who selected the optimal value which, in relation to self-reported smoking, misclassified the fewest subjects.”
Background
Reduction of bronchial response to mannitol after partial switch from conventional tobacco to electronic cigarette consumption
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Authors: Jarvis, M. J., Tunstall-Pedoe, H., Feyerabend, C., Vesey, C., & Saloojee, Y.
ORCID: Jarvis, M J
Saloojee, Y
Venue: American Journal of Public Health
Publisher: American Public Health Association
Published: 1987-11
Volume: 77
Issue: 11
Pages: 1435-1438
ISSN: 0090-0036 (ISSN-L)
1541-0048
DOI: 10.2105/ajph.77.11.1435
OpenAlex: W2147528426
Cited by: 994
References: 21
Citations by year: 2026: 9 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 37 · 2017: 35 · 2016: 32 · 2015: 37 · 2014: 34 · 2013: 44 · 2012: 40
FWCI: 11.10
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: American Journal of Public Health (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Prenatal Substance Exposure Effects
Keywords: smoking detection, cotinine, carbon monoxide, carboxyhemoglobin, thiocyanate, salivary biomarkers, urinary biomarkers, plasma biomarkers, questionnaire-based screening, sensitivity and specificity
MeSH terms: Carbon Monoxide, Chromatography, Gas, Cotinine, Evaluation Studies as Topic, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Nicotine, Pyrrolidinones, Surveys and Questionnaires, Saliva, Smoking, Thiocyanates

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Comparison of tests used to distinguish smokers from nonsmokers

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