Cited by 994Smoking Behavior and CessationChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) ResearchPrenatal Substance Exposure Effects

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Comparison of tests used to distinguish smokers from nonsmokers

Jarvis, M J, Tunstall-Pedoe, H, Feyerabend, C, Vesey, C, Saloojee, Y·1987·American Journal of Public Health

DOI 10.2105/ajph.77.11.1435

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Abstract

Questionnaire and biochemical measures of smoking were studied in 211 hospital outpatients. Eleven different tests of smoke intake were compared for their ability to categorize smokers and nonsmokers correctly. The concentration of cotinine, whether measured in plasma, saliva, or urine, was the best indicator of smoking, with sensitivity of 96-97 per cent and specificity of 99-100 per cent. Thiocyanate provided the poorest discrimination. Carbon monoxide measured as blood carboxyhaemoglobin or in expired air gave sensitivity and specificity of about 90 per cent. Sensitivities of the tests were little affected by the presence among the claimed nonsmokers of a group of 21 "deceivers" who concealed their smoking. It is concluded that cotinine is the measure of choice, but for most clinical applications carbon monoxide provides an acceptable degree of discrimination and is considerably cheaper and simpler to apply.

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Background
Comparison of Exhaled Carbon Monoxide and Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependency in Non-Cigarette Nicotine Addicts
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Association between Carbon monoxide level and Tobacco Abstinence Level among Construction workers in Chennai city- An Longitudinal Study
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Increased risk for alcohol- and other substance-exposed pregnancies among women who smoke tobacco: A secondary analysis of a primary care-based intervention
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“…to the concentration: 0.17 to 13.99 ng/ mL, which indicates appreciable exposure due to ETS or light smoking (light smokers), and ≥ 14 ng/mL (heavy smokers), a level that had been used to identify active smokers with > 95% sensitivity and specificity in nonpregnant populations (Jarvis et al. 1987).”
Influential
Serum cotinine and prognosis in breast cancer
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EVALUATION OF THE SALIVARY LEVEL OF MIR-21 IN CIGARETTE SMOKERS: CASE-CONTROL STUDY
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“Salivary levels of carbon monoxide and thiocyanate proved to be affected by other causes not smoking only (19).”
Background
Tooth loss in relation to serum cotinine levels - A cross-sectional study from the Belville South area in South Africa
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Pérez-Stable and Colleagues Respond
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Letter to the Editor
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Background and Design of the Community Awareness Resources and Education (CARE) Project: Reducing Cervical Cancer in AppalachiaPreprint
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“Intervention (SC) 1) Cotinine-validated 7 day point prevalence abstinence at the 12 month follow up visit (Jarvis et al., 1987) • Salivary cotinine levels ≤ 14ng/mL were considered to be non-smokers.”
BackgroundMethod
Cancer Prevention Among Homeless Smokers
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Authors: Jarvis, M. J., Tunstall-Pedoe, H., Feyerabend, C., Vesey, C., & Saloojee, Y.
ORCID: Jarvis, M J
Saloojee, Y
Venue: American Journal of Public Health
Publisher: American Public Health Association
Published: 1987-11
Volume: 77
Issue: 11
Pages: 1435-1438
ISSN: 0090-0036 (ISSN-L)
1541-0048
DOI: 10.2105/ajph.77.11.1435
OpenAlex: W2147528426
Cited by: 994
References: 21
Citations by year: 2026: 9 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 37 · 2017: 35 · 2016: 32 · 2015: 37 · 2014: 34 · 2013: 44 · 2012: 40
FWCI: 11.10
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: American Journal of Public Health (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Prenatal Substance Exposure Effects
Keywords: smoking detection, cotinine, carbon monoxide, carboxyhemoglobin, thiocyanate, salivary biomarkers, urinary biomarkers, plasma biomarkers, questionnaire-based screening, sensitivity and specificity
MeSH terms: Carbon Monoxide, Chromatography, Gas, Cotinine, Evaluation Studies as Topic, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Nicotine, Pyrrolidinones, Surveys and Questionnaires, Saliva, Smoking, Thiocyanates

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Comparison of tests used to distinguish smokers from nonsmokers

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