Cited by 513Consumer Attitudes and Food LabelingConsumer Market Behavior and PricingNutrition, Health and Food Behavior

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Pricing and promotion effects on low-fat vending snack purchases: the CHIPS Study

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Simone A. French, Robert W. Jeffery, Mary T. Story, KYLE K BREITLOW, J S Baxter, Peter J. Hannan, M P Snyder·2001·American Journal of Public Health

DOI 10.2105/ajph.91.1.112PMC PMC1446491

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Abstract

OBJECTIVES: This study examined the effects of pricing and promotion strategies on purchases of low-fat snacks from vending machines. METHODS: Low-fat snacks were added to 55 vending machines in a convenience sample of 12 secondary schools and 12 worksites. Four pricing levels (equal price, 10% reduction, 25% reduction, 50% reduction) and 3 promotional conditions (none, low-fat label, low-fat label plus promotional sign) were crossed in a Latin square design. Sales of low-fat vending snacks were measured continuously for the 12-month intervention. RESULTS: Price reductions of 10%, 25%, and 50% on low-fat snacks were associated with significant increases in low-fat snack sales; percentages of low-fat snack sales increased by 9%, 39%, and 93%, respectively. Promotional signage was independently but weakly associated with increases in low-fat snack sales. Average profits per machine were not affected by the vending interventions. CONCLUSIONS: Reducing relative prices on low-fat snacks was effective in promoting lower-fat snack purchases from vending machines in both adult and adolescent populations.

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Authors: French, S. A., Jeffery, R. W., Story, M. T., BREITLOW, K. K., Baxter, J. S., Hannan, P. J., & Snyder, M. P.
Affiliations: University of Minnesota (US)
ORCID: Simone A. French
Venue: American Journal of Public Health
Publisher: American Public Health Association
Published: 2001-01-01
Volume: 91
Issue: 1
Pages: 112-117
ISSN: 0090-0036 (ISSN-L)
1541-0048
DOI: 10.2105/ajph.91.1.112
PMC: PMC1446491
OpenAlex: W1548823472
Cited by: 512
References: 24
Citations by year: 2026: 6 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 31 · 2014: 35 · 2013: 27 · 2012: 30
FWCI: 17.05
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: American Journal of Public Health (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (5r01hl056577-03)
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01 HL56577)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Consumer Attitudes and Food Labeling
Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Marketing › Consumer Market Behavior and Pricing
Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
Keywords: vending machines, low-fat snacks, pricing, discounts, food promotion, advertising signs, school vending, adolescent nutrition, food environment interventions
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Advertising, Analysis of Variance, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Dietary Fats, Food Dispensers, Automatic, Food Preferences, Humans, Minnesota, Students, Occupational Health, Adolescent Nutritional Physiological Phenomena

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Pricing and promotion effects on low-fat vending snack purchases: the CHIPS Study

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