Correlation between breakfast tryptophan content and morningness-eveningness in Japanese infants and students aged 0–15 yrs
Open accessAbstract
Tryptophan can be metabolized via 5-hydroxytryptamine=serotonin to melatonin by a series of 4 enzymes in pineal body. Lack of serotonin in body fluid in the brain during daytime can lead to several psychiatric disorders, while shortage of plasma-melatonin at night can be related to sleep disorders. The Morning-Evening (M-E) questionnaire and the original questionnaire including questions on sleep habits, mental symptoms, and contents of meals were administered to 1055 infants aged 0-6 yrs, 751 students attending an elementary school, and 473 students attending junior high school in Kochi City (33 degrees N). The index of tryptophan taken at breakfast (Trp-Index) was calculated as tryptophan amount per one meal based on the tryptophan included in each 100 g of the foods and a standard amount of food per one meal. A significant positive-correlation between M-E scores and Trp-Index was not shown by relatively older students, aged 9-15 yrs (Pearson's test, r=0.044-0.123, p=0.071-0.505), whereas a significant positive correlation was shown by infants and young elementary school students aged 0-8 yrs (r=0.180, 0.258, p<0.001). The more frequently the infants had difficulty falling asleep at bedtime and waking up in the morning, the less the Trp-Indices taken at breakfast were (Kruskall-Wallis-test, p=0.027 for difficulty falling asleep; p=0.008 for difficulty waking up). The more frequently infants became angry even by a little trigger, or depressed, the lower (more evening-typed) the M-E scores were (Kruskal-Wallis test: p
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An observational study in Japan found that consumption of a breakfast high in tryptophan is associated with greater morningness, as assessed through a morningness-eveningness questionnaire, in infants and elementary school children (0-8 years old) but not in adolescents (>8 years old).
“An observational study in Japan found that consumption of a breakfast high in tryptophan is associated with greater morningness, as assessed through the use of a morningness-eveningness questionnaire, in infants and elementary school children (0–8 y old) but not in adolescents (>8 y old) (98).”
From Chronotype: Implications for Epidemiologic Studies on Chrono-Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health (2019) · cites this paper as [98]
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- Authors
- Harada, T., Hirotani, M., Maeda, M., Nomura, H., & Takeuchi, H.
- Affiliations
- University of Kochi (JP)
- Venue
- Journal of PHYSIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY
- Published
- 2007
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 201-207
- ISSN
- 1880-6791 (ISSN-L)
- 1880-6805
- OpenAlex
- W1982139797
- Cited by
- 86
- References
- 24
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 7 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 1.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of PHYSIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Keywords
- tryptophan, breakfast, chronotype, infants, children, serotonin, melatonin, pineal gland, sleep habits, sleep onset difficulty
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Child, Child, Preschool, Circadian Rhythm, Eating, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Japan, Male, Mental Processes, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sleep, Tryptophan
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