Diet and nutrients in the modulation of infant sleep: a review of the literature
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The establishment of organized sleep patterns is an important developmental process during infancy. Little is known about the role of nutrition in sleep maturation. This review focuses on exploring the link between infant sleep and nutrition with the aim to provide an overview of existing literature on the impact of diet and specific nutrients on sleep modulation in infants. METHODS: An exploratory literature search was performed on the topic in Medline, Scopus and Cochrane Library databases, with a focus on publications in English. RESULTS: Both the type of nutrients consumed and the timing at which they were consumed, relative to sleeping time, have been reported to influence infant sleep. Some nutrients have been shown to naturally fluctuate in maternal breast milk with circadian rhythm, and nutrients such as tryptophan, nucleotides, essential fatty acids and Omega-3 long-chain fatty acids have been suggested to impact infant sleep. DISCUSSION: In summary, little is known about the nutritional impact on infant sleep and sleep maturation, particularly with regard to specific nutrients. While nutrients like tryptophan and nucleotides seem to impact sleep at the level of brain activity, some fatty acids may affect sleep as a result of their role in supporting the maturity of the central nervous system. In our view, the existing literature indicates that the link between nutrition and infant sleep may be a promising concept to support this crucial phase of early development.
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Breast milk is believed to play an important role in determining the circadian phase in infants, evident by circadian variation in nutrient composition of breast milk and cytokine concentrations.
“Breast milk is also believed to play an important role in determining the circadian phase in infants, which is evident by the circadian variation in nutrient composition of breast milk (90–93) and cytokine concentrations (93).”
From Chronotype: Implications for Epidemiologic Studies on Chrono-Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health (2019) · cites this paper as [92]
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Chronotype: Implications for Epidemiologic Studies on Chrono-Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health
Almoosawi, S., Vingeliene, S., Gachon, F., Voortman, T., Palla, L., Johnston, J. D., Van Dam, R. M., Darimont, C., & Karagounis, L. G. (2019) · Advances in Nutrition · doi:10.1093/advances/nmy070 · Cited by 247 · see citing works
- Authors
- Schneider, N., Mutungi, G., & Cubero, J.
- Affiliations
- Nestec (Switzerland) (CH)
- Nestec Ltd, Nestlé R&D, King of Prussia, PA 19406, USA
- Health Education Lab, Experimental Science Education Area, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
- Corresponding author
- Schneider, Nora
- Venue
- Nutritional Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2016-11-21
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 151-161
- ISSN
- 1028-415X (ISSN-L)
- 1476-8305
- OpenAlex
- W2556272014
- Cited by
- 28
- References
- 80
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 2
- FWCI
- 0.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Nutritional Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Nestec Ltd. (employer)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Infant Nutrition and Health
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Pharmacy › Infant Health and Development
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Keywords
- infant sleep, sleep maturation, infant nutrition, dietary nutrients, tryptophan, nucleotides, essential fatty acids, breast milk, circadian rhythm, meal timing, sleep-wake regulation, central nervous system development
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Breast Feeding, Child Development, Circadian Rhythm, Diet, Feeding Methods, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Infant, Newborn, Lactation, Male, Sleep, Sleep Wake Disorders, Infant Behavior, Evidence-Based Medicine, Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
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