Effects of tryptophan loading on human cognition, mood, and sleep

Silber, B.Y.; Schmitt, J.A.J.

doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2009.08.005

Cited by 260Tryptophan and brain disordersNeurotransmitter Receptor Influence on BehaviorNeural and Behavioral Psychology Studies

Effects of tryptophan loading on human cognition, mood, and sleep

Silber, B.Y., Schmitt, J.A.J.·2010·Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

DOI 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2009.08.005

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Abstract

Modulating central serotonergic function by acute tryptophan depletion (ATD) has provided the fundamental insights into which cognitive functions are influenced by serotonin. It may be expected that serotonergic stimulation by tryptophan (Trp) loading could evoke beneficial behavioural changes that mirror those of ATD. The current review examines the evidence for such effects, notably those on cognition, mood and sleep. Reports vary considerably across different cognitive domains, study designs, and populations. It is hypothesised that the effects of Trp loading on performance may be dependent on the initial state of the serotonergic system of the subject. Memory improvements following Trp loading have generally been shown in clinical and sub-clinical populations where initial serotonergic disturbances are known. Similarly, Trp loading appears to be most effective for improving mood in vulnerable subjects, and improves sleep in adults with some sleep disturbances. Research has consistently shown Trp loading impairs psychomotor and reaction time performance, however, this is likely to be attributed to its mild sedative effects.

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The ratio of tryptophan:LNAA in the blood is vital to the transport of tryptophan into the brain and can be increased through consumption of tryptophan, a high carbohydrate/low protein diet or α-lactalbumin.
“The ratio of tryptophan:LNAA in the blood is vital to the transport of tryptophan into the brain and can be increased through consumption of tryptophan, a high carbohydrate/low protein diet or α-lactalbumin (whey derived protein) [43].”
From Sleep and Nutrition Interactions: Implications for Athletes (2019) · cites this paper as [43]

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Influence of Tryptophan and Serotonin on Mood and Cognition with a Possible Role of the Gut-Brain Axis
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Serotonin and emotion, learning and memory
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Tryptophan Intake in the US Adult Population Is Not Related to Liver or Kidney Function but Is Associated with Depression and Sleep Outcomes
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Tryptophan Modulation and Cognition
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Effects of acute tryptophan depletion on memory, attention and executive functions: A systematic review
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Effects of tryptophan loading on verbal, spatial and affective working memory functions in healthy adults
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Tryptophan, mood, and cognitive function
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Self-citation

Authors: Silber, B. Y., & Schmitt, J. A. J.
Affiliations: Nestlé (Switzerland) (CH)
Corresponding author: Silber, B.Y.
ORCID: Schmitt, J.A.J.
Venue: Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2010-02
Volume: 34
Issue: 3
Pages: 387-407
ISSN: 0149-7634 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2009.08.005
OpenAlex: W2076857188
Cited by: 260
References: 161
Citations by year: 2026: 13 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 9
FWCI: 0.34
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Swinburne figshare (Swinburne University of Technology) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Keywords: tryptophan loading, acute tryptophan depletion, serotonin, serotonergic system, cognition, mood, sleep, memory, psychomotor performance, reaction time, sedation, sleep disorders
MeSH terms: Affect, Animals, Cognition, Humans, Sleep, Tryptophan

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Effects of tryptophan loading on human cognition, mood, and sleep

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