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Self-supervised learning of accelerometer data provides new insights for sleep and its association with mortality
Open accessPreprint — published as 10.1038/s41746-024-01065-0 · Paper page
Abstract
Sleep is essential to life. Accurate measurement and classification of sleep/wake and sleep stages is important in clinical studies for sleep disorder diagnoses and in the interpretation of data from consumer devices for monitoring physical and mental well-being. Existing non-polysomnography sleep classification techniques mainly rely on heuristic methods developed in relatively small cohorts. Thus, we aimed to establish the accuracy of wrist-worn accelerometers for sleep stage classification and subsequently describe the association between sleep duration and efficiency (proportion of total time asleep when in bed) with mortality outcomes. We developed a self-supervised deep neural network for sleep stage classification using concurrent laboratory-based polysomnography and accelerometry. After exclusion, 1,448 participant nights of data were used for training. The difference between polysomnography and the model classifications on the external validation was 34.7 minutes (95% limits of agreement (LoA): -37.8 to 107.2 minutes) for total sleep duration, 2.6 minutes for REM duration (95% LoA: -68.4 to 73.4 minutes) and 32.1 minutes (95% LoA: -54.4 to 118.5 minutes) for NREM duration. The sleep classifier was deployed in the UK Biobank with ~100,000 participants to study the association of sleep duration and sleep efficiency with all-cause mortality. Among 66,214 UK Biobank participants, 1,642 mortality events were observed. Short sleepers (<6 hours) had a higher risk of mortality compared to participants with normal sleep duration (6 to 7.9 hours), regardless of whether they had low sleep efficiency (Hazard ratios (HRs): 1.69; 95% confidence intervals (CIs): 1.28 to 2.24 ) or high sleep efficiency (HRs: 1.42; 95% CIs: 1.14 to 1.77). Deep-learning-based sleep classification using accelerometers has a fair to moderate agreement with polysomnography. Our findings suggest that having short overnight sleep confers mortality risk irrespective of sleep continuity.
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Metadata
- Authors
- Doherty, A., Yuan, H., Plekhanova, T., Walmsley, R., Reynolds, A., Maddison, K., Bucan, M., Gehrman, P., Rowlands, A., Ray, D., Bennett, D., McVeigh, J., Straker, L., Eastwood, P., & Kyle, S.
- Affiliations
- University of Oxford (GB)
- University of Leicester (GB)
- Flinders University (AU)
- The University of Western Australia (AU)
- University of Pennsylvania
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- John Radcliffe Hospital (GB)
- Curtin University (AU)
- Murdoch University (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Doherty, Aiden
- ORCID
- Venue
- Research Square
- Published
- 2023-09-18
- OpenAlex
- W4386838001
- Cited by
- 0
- References
- 17
- Type
- posted content
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- dx.doi.org
- Locations
- Research Square (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- National Health and Medical Research Council
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Keywords
- sleep stage classification, wrist-worn accelerometers, self-supervised learning, deep neural network, polysomnography validation, sleep duration, sleep efficiency, all-cause mortality, short sleepers, REM sleep, NREM sleep, UK Biobank, sleep monitoring
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