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Chicken Manure Biochar as Liming and Nutrient Source for Acid Appalachian Soil
Abstract
Acid weathered soils often require lime and fertilizer application to overcome nutrient deficiencies and metal toxicity to increase soil productivity. Slow-pyrolysis chicken manure biochars, produced at 350 and 700°C with and without subsequent steam activation, were evaluated in an incubation study as soil amendments for a representative acid and highly weathered soil from Appalachia. Biochars were mixed at 5, 10, 20, and 40 g kg into a Gilpin soil (fine-loamy, mixed, active, mesic Typic Hapludult) and incubated in a climate-controlled chamber for 8 wk, along with a nonamended control and soil amended with agronomic dolomitic lime (AgLime). At the end of the incubation, soil pH, nutrient availability (by Mehlich-3 and ammonium bicarbonate diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid [AB-DTPA] extractions), and soil leachate composition were evaluated. Biochar effect on soil pH was process- and rate-dependent. Biochar increased soil pH from 4.8 to 6.6 at the high application rate (40 g kg), but was less effective than AgLime. Biochar produced at 350°C without activation had the least effect on soil pH. Biochar increased soil Mehlich-3 extractable micro- and macronutrients. On the basis of unit element applied, increase in pyrolysis temperature and biochar activation decreased availability of K, P, and S compared to nonactivated biochar produced at 350°C. Activated biochars reduced AB-DTPA extractable Al and Cd more than AgLime. Biochar did not increase NO in leachate, but increased dissolved organic carbon, total N and P, PO, SO, and K at high application rate (40 g kg). Risks of elevated levels of dissolved P may limit chicken manure biochar application rate. Applied at low rates, these biochars provide added nutritional value with low adverse impact on leachate composition.
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“Hass et al. (2012) observed that the effect of biochar on soil pH increased with application rate and varied among different types of biochar.”
From Biochar physicochemical properties: pyrolysis temperature and feedstock kind effects (2020) · cites this paper as Hass et al. 2012
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Metadata
- Authors
- Hass, A., Gonzalez, J. M., Lima, I. M., Godwin, H. W., Halvorson, J. J., & Boyer, D. G.
- Affiliations
- Agricultural Research Service (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hass, Amir
- Venue
- Journal of Environmental Quality
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2012-07
- Volume
- 41
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1096-1106
- ISSN
- 0047-2425 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2022234639
- Cited by
- 256
- References
- 61
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 34 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 20.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Environmental Quality (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Agriculture
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Agricultural Science and Fertilization
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Fuel Technology › Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes
- Keywords
- chicken manure biochar, liming, slow pyrolysis, steam activation, soil pH, nutrient availability, leachate composition, dissolved organic carbon, soil amendment, Mehlich-3 extraction
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Appalachian Region, Charcoal, Chickens, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Manure, Soil, Temperature
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