Using poultry litter biochars as soil amendments
Abstract
Despite the recent interest in biochars as soil amendments for improving soil quality and increasing soil carbon sequestration, there is inadequate knowledge on the soil amendment properties of these materials produced from different feed stocks and under different pyrolysis conditions. This is particularly true for biochars produced from animal origins. Two biochars produced from poultry litter under different conditions were tested in a pot trial by assessing the yield of radish (Raphanus sativus var. Long Scarlet) as well as the soil quality of a hardsetting Chromosol (Alfisol). Four rates of biochar (0, 10, 25, and 50 t/ha), with and without nitrogen application (100 kg N/ha) were investigated. Both biochars, without N fertiliser, produced similar increases in dry matter yield of radish, which were detectable at the lowest application rate, 10 t/ha. The yield increase (%), compared with the unamended control rose from 42% at 10 t/ha to 96% at 50 t/ha of biochar application. The yield increases can be attributed largely to the ability of these biochars to increase N availability. Significant additional yield increases, in excess of that due to N fertiliser alone, were observed when N fertiliser was applied together with the biochars, highlighting the other beneficial effects of these biochars. In this regard, the non activated poultry litter biochar produced at lower temperature (450°C) was more effective than the activated biochar produced at higher temperature (550°C), probably due to higher available P content. Biochar addition to the hardsetting soil resulted in significant but different changes in soil chemical and physical properties, including increases in C, N, pH, and available P, but reduction in soil strength. These different effects of the 2 different biochars can be related to their different characteristics. Significantly different changes in soil biology in terms of microbial biomass and earthworm preference properties were also observed between the 2 biochars, but the underlying mechanisms require further research. Our research highlights the importance of feedstock and process conditions during pyrolysis on the properties and, hence, soil amendment values of biochars.
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Biochar has been reported to either increase or decrease plant growth, based on studies with varying factors including soil and biochar types and pyrolysis conditions associated with the biochars tested.
“Biochar has been reported to either increase (Chan et al., 2008;Yamato et al., 2006) or decrease (Deenik et al., 2010) plant growth, based on studies with varying factors including soil and biochar types and pyrolysis conditions associated with the biochars tested.”
From Biochar implications for sustainable agriculture and environment: A review (2019) · cites this paper as Chan et al., 2008
Green waste biochar and poultry litter biochar could gradually increase pH by 0.6 to 2.0 units under radish cultivation in an acidic Alfisol at successive application rates ranging from 10 to 100 t ha-1.
“Chan et al. (2007; 2008) demonstrated that green waste biochar and poultry litter biochar could gradually increase pH by 0.6 to 2.0 units of under radish ) cultivation.”
From A review on biochar modulated soil condition improvements and nutrient dynamics concerning crop yields: Pathways to climate change mitigation and global food security (2019) · cites this paper as Chan et al., 2008
Biochar made from chicken manure increased the available nutrient contents in soils including N.
“In contrast, biochar made from chicken manure increased the available nutrient contents in soils including N (Chan and Xu, 2009, Chan et al., 2008).”
From A review on biochar modulated soil condition improvements and nutrient dynamics concerning crop yields: Pathways to climate change mitigation and global food security (2019) · cites this paper as Chan et al., 2008
K deficiency in radish crop due to application of poultry litter biochar in an acid soil was noticed.
“For example, K deficiency in radish crop due to the application of poultry litter biochar in an acid soil was noticed (Chan et al., 2008).”
From A review on biochar modulated soil condition improvements and nutrient dynamics concerning crop yields: Pathways to climate change mitigation and global food security (2019) · cites this paper as Chan et al., 2008
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- Authors
- Chan, K. Y., Van Zwieten, L., Meszaros, I., Downie, A., & Joseph, S.
- Affiliations
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries (AU)
- BNSW Department of Primary Industries, Wollongbar, NSW 2477, Australia.
- UNSW Sydney (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Chan, K. Y.
- Venue
- Soil Research
- Publisher
- CSIRO Publishing
- Published
- 2008-08-05
- Volume
- 46
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 437-444
- ISSN
- 0004-9573 (ISSN-L)
- 1838-675X
- 1838-6768
- OpenAlex
- W2136179554
- Cited by
- 1,103
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 20 · 2025: 38 · 2024: 57 · 2023: 70 · 2022: 71 · 2021: 74 · 2020: 110 · 2019: 72 · 2018: 87 · 2017: 58 · 2016: 79 · 2015: 77 · 2014: 74 · 2013: 56 · 2012: 60
- FWCI
- 50.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Soil Research (publishedVersion)
- RUNE (Research UNE) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- NSW Department of Primary Industries
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Agricultural Science and Fertilization
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes
- Keywords
- poultry litter biochar, soil amendment, pyrolysis temperature, activated biochar, nitrogen availability, phosphorus availability, radish yield, soil quality, soil carbon sequestration, Alfisol, soil microbial biomass, soil strength, nitrogen fertiliser
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