Cited by 887Crop Yield and Soil FertilityGenetics and Plant BreedingWheat and Barley Genetics and Pathology

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Wheat Yield Progress Associated with Higher Stomatal Conductance and Photosynthetic Rate, and Cooler Canopies

Fischer, R. A., Rees, D., Sayre, K. D., Lu, Z.‐M., Condon, A. G., Saavedra, A. Larque·1998·Crop Science

DOI 10.2135/cropsci1998.0011183x003800060011x

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Abstract

Grain yields of eight representative semidwarf spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars released in northwest Mexico between 1962 and 1988 have increased linearly across years as measured in this region during 6 yr under favorable management and irrigation. To understand the physiological basis of this progress and possibly assist future selection for grain yield, leaf traits were determined during 3 yr in the same study. Stomatal conductance (gs), maximum photosynthetic rate (A max, and canopy temperature depression (CTD), averaged over the 3 yr, were closely and positively correlated with progress in the 6‐yr mean yield. The correlation was greatest with gs (r = 0.94, P < 0.01). Compared with the overall yield increase of 27%, gs increased 63%, A max increased 23%, and canopies were 0.6°C cooler. Carbon‐13 isotope discrimination was also positively associated with yield progress (r = 0.71, P < 0.05), but other leaf traits such as flag leaf area, specific leaf weight, percentage N and greeness were not, nor was crop growth rate around anthesis. The causal basis of the leaf activity interrelationships is reasonably clear, with both increased intercellular CO 2 concentration and increased mesophyll activity contributing to the increase in A max. However, causal links to the yield progress, and the accompanying increase in kernels per square meter, are not clear. It is concluded that g s and CTD should be further investigated as potential indirect selection criteria for yield.

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BackgroundInfluential
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Background
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Perennial O. sativa × O. rufipogon interspecific hybrids: I. Photosynthetic characteristics and their inheritance
Zhao, M., Lafitte, H., Sacks, E., Dimayuga, G., & Botwright-Acuña, T. (2008) · doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2007.12.005 · Cited by 32
Erratum to “Physiological factors associated with genotype by environment interaction in wheat”
Reynolds, M., Trethowan, R., Crossa, J., Vargas, M., & Sayre, K. (2004) · doi:10.1016/s0378-4290(03)00057-1 · Cited by 32
“, 1997) and physiologically (Fischer et al., 1998).”
Self-citation
Evaluation of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes based on resistance indices under field conditions
Mohammadi-joo, S., Mirasi, A., Saeidi-aboeshaghi, R., & Amiri, M. (2015) · doi:10.12692/ijb/6.2.331-337 · Cited by 32
“Fischer et al (1998) suggested that relative drought index (RDI) is positive indices for indicating stress tolerance.”
Background
The role of stomatal conductance for water and radiation use efficiency of durum wheat and triticale in a Mediterranean environment
Motzo, R., Pruneddu, G., & Giunta, F. (2012) · European Journal of Agronomy · doi:10.1016/j.eja.2012.09.002 · Cited by 34
Flag leaf physiological traits in two high-yielding Canada Western Red Spring wheat cultivars
Wang, H., Mccaig, T., DePauw, R., & Clarke, J. (2008) · doi:10.4141/cjps07055 · Cited by 32
Small RNAs and their targets are associated with the transgenerational effects of water-deficit stress in durum wheat
Liu, H., Able, A., & Able, J. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-83074-7 · Cited by 31
Genotypic variations in leaf and whole-plant water use efficiencies are closely related in bread wheat genotypes under well-watered and water-limited conditions during grain filling
del Pozo, A., Méndez-Espinoza, A., Romero-Bravo, S., Garriga, M., Estrada, F., Alcaíno, M., Camargo-Rodríguez, A., Corke, F., Doonan, J., & Lobos, G. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-57116-0 · Cited by 31
Phenotypic and metabolic variation among spring Brassica napus genotypes during heat stress
Koscielny, C., Hazebroek, J., & Duncan, R. W. (2018) · Crop and Pasture Science · doi:10.1071/cp17259 · Cited by 31
“Given the association between CID and stomatal conductance (Fischer et al. 1998), the relationship between heat stress and CID in B. napus should be explored.”
Background
Genetic resources and breeding methodologies for improving drought tolerance in wheat
Mwadzingeni, L., Figlan, S., Shimelis, H., Mondal, S., & Tsilo, T. (2017) · Journal of Crop Improvement · doi:10.1080/15427528.2017.1345816 · Cited by 31
“These traits indicate the genotype’s ability to maintain high soil moisture extraction, photosynthesis, or evaporative cooling attributable to transpirationmaintenance (Fischer et al. 1998).”
Background
Crop and environmental attributes underpinning genotype by environment interaction in synthetic-derived bread wheat evaluated in Mexico and Australia
Dreccer, M., Chapman, S., Ogbonnaya, F., Borgognone, M. G., & Trethowan, R. (2008) · Australian Journal of Agricultural Research · doi:10.1071/ar07220 · Cited by 31
“Among them is stomatal conductance (Condon et al. 2002; Fischer et al. 1998) and plant hydraulic conductance as modulated by the diameter of xylem vessels in the seminal roots (Richards and Passioura 1981).”
Chain Correlation between Variables of Gas Exchange and Yield Potential in Different Winter Wheat Cultivars
Jiang, G., Hao, N.-B., Bai, K., Zhang, Q.-D., Sun, J.-Z., Guo, R.-J., Ge, Q.-Y., & Kuang, T. (2000) · Photosynthetica (Praha) · doi:10.1023/a:1007222016017 · Cited by 31
Simulation analysis of physiological traits to improve yield, nitrogen use efficiency and grain protein concentration in wheat.
Martre, P., Semenov, M., & Jamieson, P. (2007) · doi:10.1007/1-4020-5906-x_15 · Cited by 30
“Increasing the length of the grain-filling period has been also suggested as a putative trait for increasing grain yield in wheat ( Evans and Fischer 1999 ), and low, but significant, genetic variability has been reported for this trait (Robert et al. 2001; Charmet et al. 2005).”
Background
Influence of drought stress on growth, biochemical changes and leaf gas exchange of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) in Indonesia
Yenni, Ibrahim, M., Nulit, R., & Sakimin, S. (2022) · AIMS Agriculture and Food · doi:10.3934/agrfood.2022003 · Cited by 30
“These results were in line with research by [46] that stated stomatal conductance (gs) correlates intimately and positively with yield in Iriticum aestivum L.”
Result
Physiological and biochemical changes induced by drought stress during the stem elongation and anthesis stages in the Triticum genus
Pantha, S., Kilian, B., Özkan, H., Zeibig, F., & Frei, M. (2024) · Environmental and Experimental Botany · doi:10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106047 · Cited by 38
Dissecting Source-Sink Relationship of Subtending Leaf for Yield and Fiber Quality Attributes in Upland Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)
Mangi, N., Nazir, M. F., Wang, X., Iqbal, M. S., Sarfraz, Z., Jatoi, G. H., Mahmood, T., Ma, Q., & Shuli, F. (2021) · Plants · doi:10.3390/plants10061147 · Cited by 30
“Higher yields are attributed to the substantial photosynthesis rate within the functional leaves, which is considered a source activity and is essential and effective for efficient photosynthates distribution through the reproductive parts [29,30].”
Background
Increased Prediction Accuracy Using Combined Genomic Information and Physiological Traits in A Soft Wheat Panel Evaluated in Multi-Environments
Guo, J. X., Pradhan, S., Shahi, D., Khan, J., McBreen, J. C., Bai, G., Murphy, J. P., & Babar, M. A. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-63919-3 · Cited by 40
A new indicator of leaf stomatal conductance based on thermal imaging for field grown cowpea
Iseki, K., & Olaleye, O. (2020) · Plant Production Science · doi:10.1080/1343943x.2019.1625273 · Cited by 29
Assessing yield gap in high productive countries by designing wheat ideotypes
Senapati, N., & Semenov, M. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-40981-0 · Cited by 29
“…day 500–900 ≤40% Akkaya et al. (2006)72; Charmet et al. (2005)79; Robert et al. (2001)80 Canopy Maximum area of flag leaf AMax m2 leaf m−2 soil 0.005–0.01 ≤40% Fischer et al. (1998)81; Shearman et al. (2005)82 Stay green SG — 0.00–1.50 Root water uptake Rate of root water uptake Ru % 1.0–5.0…”
Influential
Abiotic Stresses in Barley: Problems and Solutions
Cattivelli, L., Ceccarelli, S., Romagosa, I., & Stanca, M. (2010) · doi:10.1002/9780470958636.ch10 · Cited by 29
“Fischer et al. (1998) studied representative semidwarf spring wheat cultivars for changes in stomatal conductance associated with selection progress.”
Background
Crop Radiation Capture and Use Efficiency
Murchie, E. H., & Reynolds, M. P. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-5797-8_171 · Cited by 8
Water-Conservation Traits to Increase Crop Yields in Water-deficit Environments: Case Studies
Sinclair, T. (2017) · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-56321-3 · Cited by 29
Genetic control of mesophyll conductance in common wheat.
Barbour, M., Bachmann, S., Bansal, U., Bariana, H., & Sharp, P. (2016) · New Phytologist · doi:10.1111/nph.13628 · Cited by 29
Comparative photosynthetic attributes of emmer and modern wheats in response to water and nitrogen supply
Vaghar, M., & Ehsanzadeh, P. (2018) · Photosynthetica (Praha) · doi:10.1007/s11099-018-0825-5 · Cited by 28
“Stomatal closure brings about leaf heating (Venora and Calcagno 1991) while stomatal opening, which is reflected in an increased gs, is, often, accompanied by a depression in canopy temperature and an enhancement of the photosynthetic rate and grain yield (Fischer et al. 1998).”
Background
Natural variation of life‐history traits, water use, and drought responses in Arabidopsis
Ferguson, J. N., Humphry, M., Lawson, T., BRENDEL, O., & Bechtold, U. (2018) · Plant Direct · doi:10.1002/pld3.35 · Cited by 27
“The most consistent relationship between d(13)C and wheat yield has been found in environments with high soil water status, where plants with high d(13)C can grow faster and produce higher biomass under water-replete conditions (Condon et al., 2002, 2004; Fischer et al., 1998).”
Background
Genetic basis of traits related to stomatal conductance in wheat cultivars in response to drought stress
Wang, S.-G., Jia, S.-S., Sun, D.-Z., Wang, H.-Y., Dong, F., Ma, H.-X., Jing, R.-L., & Ma, G. (2015) · Photosynthetica (Praha) · doi:10.1007/s11099-015-0114-5 · Cited by 28
“1975, Fischer et al. 1998, Lu et al. 2003). Moreover, these studies focused only on some particular growth stages and the changes of gs, PN, and E during wheat leaf senescence were neglected. Zheng et al. (2011) showed the relationship between traits related to gs and the wheat yield. Further studies revealed that PN…”
Background
Long-term effects of organic manure application on the productivity of winter wheat grown in a crop rotation with maize in Japan
Kato, Y., & Yamagishi, J. (2011) · Field Crops Research · doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2010.11.015 · Cited by 28
Carbon isotope discrimination and water use efficiency in Iranian diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid wheats grown under well-watered conditions
Khazaei, H., Mohammady, S., Zaharieva, M., & Monneveux, P. (2009) · Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution · doi:10.1007/s10722-008-9349-3 · Cited by 28
The poorly-explored stomatal response to temperature at constant evaporative demand.
Mills, C., Bartlett, M. K., & Buckley, T. N. (2024) · Plant, Cell and Environment · doi:10.1111/pce.14911 · Cited by 27
Performance of the Two-Source Energy Balance (TSEB) Model as a Tool for Monitoring the Response of Durum Wheat to Drought by High-Throughput Field Phenotyping
Gómez-Candón, D., Bellvert, J., & Royo, C. (2021) · Frontiers in Plant Science · doi:10.3389/fpls.2021.658357 · Cited by 27
“As the season evolved, this trend was reversed and the fully-irrigated treatment showed the highest evapotranspiration rates which previous studies have associated with higher stomatal conductance and photosynthetic rates (Fischer et al., 1998).”
Result
Leaf Temperature and Vapour Pressure Deficit (VPD) Driving Stomatal Conductance and Biochemical Processes of Leaf Photosynthetic Rate in a Subtropical Evergreen Coniferous Plantation
Li, Y., Zhou, L., Wang, S.-Q., Chi, Y.-G., & Chen, J. (2018) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su10114063 · Cited by 27
“Such behavior of stomatal conductance in response to high temperature can benefit plants by cooling leaves in hot environments [41,42].”
Background
Characterization of Heat‐ and Drought‐Stress Tolerance in High‐Yielding Spring Wheat
Mondal, S., Singh, R., Huerta-Espino, J., Kehel, Z., & Autrique, E. (2015) · doi:10.2135/cropsci2014.10.0709 · Cited by 27

Authors: Fischer, R. A., Rees, D., Sayre, K. D., Lu, Z. ‐., Condon, A. G., & Saavedra, A. L.
Affiliations: Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (AU)
Natural Resources Institute (GB)
Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz Y Trigo (MX)
University of California, Los Angeles (US)
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (AU)
Cologeio de Postgraduados, Centro de Botanica Montecillo Texcoco Edo de Mexico Mexico
Corresponding author: Fischer, R. A.
ORCID: Fischer, R. A.
Lu, Z.‐M.
Condon, A. G.
Venue: Crop Science
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 1998-11
Volume: 38
Issue: 6
Pages: 1467-1475
ISSN: 0011-183X (ISSN-L)
1435-0653
DOI: 10.2135/cropsci1998.0011183x003800060011x
OpenAlex: W2058467808
Cited by: 887
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 12 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 31 · 2023: 41 · 2022: 53 · 2021: 63 · 2020: 56 · 2019: 60 · 2018: 42 · 2017: 42 · 2016: 48 · 2015: 46 · 2014: 45 · 2013: 45 · 2012: 39
FWCI: 33.54
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: Crop Science (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agronomy and Crop Science › Crop Yield and Soil Fertility
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Genetics and Plant Breeding
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Wheat and Barley Genetics and Pathology
Keywords: stomatal conductance, photosynthetic rate, canopy temperature depression, carbon isotope discrimination, leaf traits, intercellular CO2 concentration, northwestern Mexico

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Wheat Yield Progress Associated with Higher Stomatal Conductance and Photosynthetic Rate, and Cooler Canopies

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