Cited by 887Crop Yield and Soil FertilityGenetics and Plant BreedingWheat and Barley Genetics and Pathology

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Wheat Yield Progress Associated with Higher Stomatal Conductance and Photosynthetic Rate, and Cooler Canopies

Fischer, R. A., Rees, D., Sayre, K. D., Lu, Z.‐M., Condon, A. G., Saavedra, A. Larque·1998·Crop Science

DOI 10.2135/cropsci1998.0011183x003800060011x

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Abstract

Grain yields of eight representative semidwarf spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars released in northwest Mexico between 1962 and 1988 have increased linearly across years as measured in this region during 6 yr under favorable management and irrigation. To understand the physiological basis of this progress and possibly assist future selection for grain yield, leaf traits were determined during 3 yr in the same study. Stomatal conductance (gs), maximum photosynthetic rate (A max, and canopy temperature depression (CTD), averaged over the 3 yr, were closely and positively correlated with progress in the 6‐yr mean yield. The correlation was greatest with gs (r = 0.94, P < 0.01). Compared with the overall yield increase of 27%, gs increased 63%, A max increased 23%, and canopies were 0.6°C cooler. Carbon‐13 isotope discrimination was also positively associated with yield progress (r = 0.71, P < 0.05), but other leaf traits such as flag leaf area, specific leaf weight, percentage N and greeness were not, nor was crop growth rate around anthesis. The causal basis of the leaf activity interrelationships is reasonably clear, with both increased intercellular CO 2 concentration and increased mesophyll activity contributing to the increase in A max. However, causal links to the yield progress, and the accompanying increase in kernels per square meter, are not clear. It is concluded that g s and CTD should be further investigated as potential indirect selection criteria for yield.

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Background
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Background
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Background
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Background
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Self-citation
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BackgroundSelf-citation
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Method
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Background
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Background
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Background
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“2007) – or via ‘tolerance’ mechanisms involving water use efficiency (Fischer et al. 1998; Condon et al. 2002; Rebetzke et al. 2002; Raman et al. 2019b).”
Background
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“(2008)), something at least partially linked their clearly greater stomatal conductance (Fischer et al., 1998; Roche, 2015).”
BackgroundInfluential
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“CT measured with ground-based IR thermometers is an integrated canopy response from whole plant stomatal conductance [6, 7], CO2 assimilation rate [8], leaf architecture, i.”
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“Research aimed at understanding the basis for yield potential improvement (Fischer et al. 1998) has shown a consistent correlation between increases in yield potential achieved for CIMMYT semidwarf varieties and flag-leaf photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance.”
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Genetic Improvement of Grain Crops
Foulkes, J. M., Reynolds, M. P., & Sylvester-Bradley, R. (2009) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-374431-9.00015-3 · Cited by 62
Thermal imaging can reveal variation in stay-green functionality of wheat canopies under temperate conditions
Anderegg, J., Kirchgessner, N., Aasen, H., Zumsteg, O., Keller, B., Zenkl, R., Walter, A., & Hund, A. (2023) · bioRxiv · doi:10.3389/fpls.2024.1335037 · Cited by 18
Prediction of Photosynthetic, Biophysical, and Biochemical Traits in Wheat Canopies to Reduce the Phenotyping Bottleneck
Robles-Zazueta, C. A., Pinto, F., Molero, G., Foulkes, M. J., Reynolds, M., & Murchie, E. (2022) · Frontiers in Plant Science · doi:10.3389/fpls.2022.828451 · Cited by 18
Selection for yield shifted the proportion of oil and protein in favor of low-energy seed fractions in soybean
Tamagno, S., Sadras, V., Aznar-Moreno, J., Durrett, T., & Ciampitti, I. (2022) · Field crops research (Print) · doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2022.108446 · Cited by 18
Correlation and co-localization of QTL for stomatal density, canopy temperature, and productivity with and without drought stress in Setaria
Prakash, P., Banan, D., Paul, R. E., Feldman, M. J., Xie, D., Freyfogle, L., Baxter, I. R., & Leakey, A. (2021) · Journal of Experimental Botany · doi:10.1093/jxb/erab166 · Cited by 18
“This is consistent with RILs that had higher temperatures due to less evaporative cooling being able to assimilate less CO2, and therefore producing less biomass, which was expected based on theory and previous studies (Fischer et al., 1998; Jones, 2004).”
Using Carbon Isotope Discrimination to Assess Genotypic Differences in Drought Resistance of Parental Lines of Common Bean
Sanz‐Saez, A., Maw, M. J., Polanía, J., Rao, I. M., Beebe, S., & Fritschi, F. (2019) · Crop science · doi:10.2135/cropsci2019.02.0085 · Cited by 18
Influence of Selenium on Cadmium Toxicity in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus cv. 4200) at an Early Growth Stage in a Hydroponic System
Haghighi, M., & da Silva, J. A. T. (2016) · doi:10.1080/00103624.2015.1109650 · Cited by 18
“The deleterious effects of Cd on photosynthetic rate, such as chl biosynthesis (Baszyński et al. 1980; Fischer et al. 1998), functioning of photochemical reactions (Li and Miles 1975; Skórzyńska-Polit and Baszyński 1995), and the activities of enzymes of the Calvin cycle have been proved (Chugh and Sawhney 1999; Wang…”
Background
Phenotyping of Plants for Drought and Salt Tolerance Using Infra-Red Thermography
Kwon, T., Kim, K.-H., Yoon, H., Lee, S.-K., Kim, B.-K., & Siddiqui, Z. S. (2015) · doi:10.9787/pbb.2015.3.4.299 · Cited by 18
“There were successful cases applying IR thermography to screen High-througput Phenotyping of Crop Plants for Drought and Salt Tolerances ∙ 303 drought tolerant genotypes in wheat breeding (Fischer et al. 1998; Reynolds et al. 1998; Brennan et al. 2007).”
Method
Effects of temperature and light intensity on growth and physiology in purple root water hyacinth and common water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes)
Shu, X., Zhang, Q.-F., & Wang, W.-B. (2014) · Environmental science and pollution research international · doi:10.1007/s11356-014-3246-4 · Cited by 18
“A strong relationship between stomatal conductance (Cond), internal CO2 concentration (Ci), and yield has been reported under temperate conditions (Fischer et al. 1998).”
Background
Stomatal lock‐up following pathogenic challenge: source or symptom of costs of resistance in crops?
Mur, L., Simpson, C., Gay, A., Smith, J., Paveley, N., Sánchez-Martín, J., & Prats, E. (2013) · doi:10.1111/ppa.12174 · Cited by 18
Molecular mapping of stomatal‐conductance‐related traits in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. durum)
Panio, G., Motzo, R., Mastrangelo, A. M., Marone, D., Cattivelli, L., Giunta, F., & Vita, P. D. (2013) · Annals of Applied Biology · doi:10.1111/aab.12018 · Cited by 18
Looking Ahead in World Food and Agriculture –Perspectives to 2050 . ed. Piero Conforti, viii+539 pp. FAO. (2011) £76.50. ISBN: 978-92-5-106903-5
Daw, M. (2012) · Journal of Agricultural Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0021859612000627 · Cited by 18
Genetic and Molecular Aspects of Plant Response to Drought in Annual Crop Species
Leonardis, A. M. D., Petrarulo, M., De, P., & Anna, M. (2012) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/31352 · Cited by 16
“Maximal rates of photosynthesis were also positively correlated with increased yields of advanced varieties, while leaf temperatures were negatively correlated (Fischer et al., 1998).”
Background
Combinational Variation Temperature and Soil Water Response of Stomata and Biomass Production in Maize, Millet, Sorghum and Rice
Khanthavong, P., Yabuta, S., Malik, A. I., Hossain, M., Akagi, I., & Sakagami, J. (2022) · Plants · doi:10.3390/plants11081039 · Cited by 17
“The positive correlation between gs and photosynthesis (A) has been reported in the laboratory [11] and a positive correlation between gs and yield has also been reported in field conditions [12].”
Background
Canopy Temperature Depression as an Effective Physiological Trait for Drought Screening
Sofi, P. A., Ara, A., Gull, M., & Rehman, K. (2019) · Drought - Detection and Solutions · doi:10.5772/intechopen.85966 · Cited by 17
“Canopy temperature has been used successfully as selection criteria in breeding for drought-prone environments [33, 37, 40].”
BackgroundMethod
Phenotyping and evaluation of CIMMYT WPHYSGP nursery lines and local wheat varieties under two irrigation regimes
Zhang, Y.-Q., Wang, Z., Fan, Z.-R., Li, J.-F., Gao, X., Zhang, H.-Z., Zhao, Q., Wang, Z.-Y., & Liu, Z. (2019) · Breeding Science · doi:10.1270/jsbbs.18104 · Cited by 17
Physiological Efficiency of Sugarcane Clones under Water-Limited Conditions
Arunkumar, R., Vasantha, S., Tayade, A. S., Anusha, S., Geetha, P., & Hemaprabha, G. (2020) · doi:10.13031/trans.13550 · Cited by 17
Wheat yield improvement is associated with altered root systems during cultivar replacement
Wei, X., Guo, S., Ma, B., Palta, J. A., Ma, Y., & Li, P. (2024) · European Journal of Agronomy · doi:10.1016/j.eja.2024.127101 · Cited by 16
Canopy light distribution effects on light use efficiency in wheat and its mechanism
Zhang, J., Zhang, Z., Neng, F., Xiong, S., Wei, Y.-H., Cao, R.-H., Wei, Q.-R., Ma, X.-M., & Wang, X.-C. (2022) · Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.3389/fevo.2022.1023117 · Cited by 16
“The crop yield was generally positively correlated to the photosynthesis in the flag leaves in high light conditions (Fischer et al., 1998; Reynolds et al., 2000).”
Background
Pre-Acclimation to Elevated Temperature Stabilizes the Activity of Photosystem I in Wheat Plants Exposed to an Episode of Severe Heat Stress
Filaček, A., Živčák, M., Ferroni, L., Barboričová, M., Gašparovič, K., Yang, X.-H., Landi, M., & Brestič, M. (2022) · Plants · doi:10.3390/plants11050616 · Cited by 16
“As the opening of stomata in high-temperature conditions may lead to more efficient cooling [40,41], our results suggest that the pre-acclimation of plants to high temperature improves, to some extent, the capacity of leaf thermoregulation.”
Background
Water use efficiency and associated physiological traits of nine naturalized white clover populations in Chile
Inostroza, L., & Acuña, H. (2010) · doi:10.1111/j.1439-0523.2009.01742.x · Cited by 16
Relationships between carbon isotope discrimination and leaf morphophysiological traits in spring-planted spring wheat under drought and salinity stress in Northern China
Zhu, L., Liang, Z.-S., Xu, X., Li, S., Jing, J., & Monneveux, P. (2008) · doi:10.1071/ar07476 · Cited by 16
Improving water transport for carbon gain in crops
Brodribb, T., Holloway-Phillips, M., & Bramley, H. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-417104-6.00011-x · Cited by 16
Improving photosynthesis and yield potential
Amthor, J. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-5486-0_2 · Cited by 16
“Yield gains in some crops apparently have been related in part to increased stomatal conductance, which allows greater evaporative cooling and CO2 uptake (e.g., Radin et al. 1994; Fischer et al. 1998; Morrison et al. 1999).”
Background
How much could improving photosynthesis increase crop yields? A call for systems-level perspectives to guide engineering strategies
Matthews, M. L., & Burgess, S. (2024) · Current Opinion in Biotechnology · doi:10.1016/j.copbio.2024.103144 · Cited by 16
Candidate genes affecting stomatal density in rice (Oryza sativa L.) identified by genome-wide association.
Phetluan, W., Wanchana, S., Aesomnuk, W., Adams, J. P., Pitaloka, M. K., Ruanjaichon, V., Vanavichit, A., Toojinda, T., Gray, J., & Arikit, S. (2023) · Plant Science · doi:10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111624 · Cited by 15
Genetic analysis of photosynthesis‐related traits in faba bean ( Vicia faba ) for crop improvement
Khazaei, H., Wach, D., Pecio, A., Vandenberg, A., & Stoddard, F. (2019) · Plant Breeding · doi:10.1111/pbr.12716 · Cited by 15
Cloning and characterization of Tabas1-B1 gene associated with flag leaf chlorophyll content and thousand-grain weight and development of a gene-specific marker in wheat
Zhu, X.-F., Zhang, H.-P., Hu, M.-J., Wu, Z.-Y., Jiang, H., Cao, J., Xia, X., Ma, C.-X., & Chang, C. (2016) · Molecular breeding · doi:10.1007/s11032-016-0563-y · Cited by 15
Influence of stomatal characteristics on yield and yield attributes of rice
Sarwar, A. K. M., Karim, M., & Rana, S. (2014) · doi:10.3329/jbau.v11i1.18207 · Cited by 15
“Strong indications have been obtained for a major influence of gs on crop growth rate during reproductive period in some crop species (Fischer et al., 1998; Horie et al., 2006).”
Background
Use of introgression lines to determine the ecophysiological basis for changes in water use efficiency and yield in California processing tomatoes.
Barrios-Masias, F., Chetelat, R., Grulke, N., & Jackson, L. (2014) · Functional Plant Biology · doi:10.1071/fp13097 · Cited by 15
“In addition, the reliability of abundant irrigation water supports the increase observed in gs, which is usually associated with gains in Pn and a decrease in WUEi (Fischer et al. 1998; Lu et al. 1998).”
BackgroundInfluential

Authors: Fischer, R. A., Rees, D., Sayre, K. D., Lu, Z. ‐., Condon, A. G., & Saavedra, A. L.
Affiliations: Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (AU)
Natural Resources Institute (GB)
Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz Y Trigo (MX)
University of California, Los Angeles (US)
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (AU)
Cologeio de Postgraduados, Centro de Botanica Montecillo Texcoco Edo de Mexico Mexico
Corresponding author: Fischer, R. A.
ORCID: Fischer, R. A.
Lu, Z.‐M.
Condon, A. G.
Venue: Crop Science
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 1998-11
Volume: 38
Issue: 6
Pages: 1467-1475
ISSN: 0011-183X (ISSN-L)
1435-0653
DOI: 10.2135/cropsci1998.0011183x003800060011x
OpenAlex: W2058467808
Cited by: 887
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 12 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 31 · 2023: 41 · 2022: 53 · 2021: 63 · 2020: 56 · 2019: 60 · 2018: 42 · 2017: 42 · 2016: 48 · 2015: 46 · 2014: 45 · 2013: 45 · 2012: 39
FWCI: 33.54
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: Crop Science (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agronomy and Crop Science › Crop Yield and Soil Fertility
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Genetics and Plant Breeding
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Wheat and Barley Genetics and Pathology
Keywords: stomatal conductance, photosynthetic rate, canopy temperature depression, carbon isotope discrimination, leaf traits, intercellular CO2 concentration, northwestern Mexico

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Wheat Yield Progress Associated with Higher Stomatal Conductance and Photosynthetic Rate, and Cooler Canopies

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