Agricultural management and soil carbon storage in surface vs. deep layers
Abstract
Soil C sequestration research has historically focused on the top 0 to 30 cm of the soil profile, ignoring deeper portions that might also respond to management. In this study we sampled soils along a 10‐treatment management intensity gradient to a 1‐m depth to test the hypothesis that C gains in surface soils are offset by losses lower in the profile. Treatments included four annual cropping systems in a corn ( Zea mays )‐soybean ( Glycine max )‐ wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) rotation, perennial alfalfa ( Medicago sativa ) and poplar ( Populus x euramericana ), and four unmanaged successional systems. The annual grain systems included conventionally tilled, no‐tillage, reduced‐input, and organic systems. Unmanaged treatments included a 12‐yr‐old early successional community, two 50‐yr‐old mid‐successional communities, and a mature forest never cleared for agriculture. All treatments were replicated three to six times and all cropping systems were 12 yr post‐establishment when sampled. Surface soil C concentrations and total C pools were significantly greater under no‐till, organic, early successional, never‐tilled mid‐successional, and deciduous forest systems than in the conventionally managed cropping system ( p ≤ 0.05, n = 3–6 replicate sites). We found no consistent differences in soil C at depth, despite intensive sampling (30–60 deep soil cores per treatment). Carbon concentrations in the B/Bt and Bt2/C horizons were lower and two and three times more variable, respectiv…
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Mean carbon content for soils under a conventionally managed corn-soybean-wheat rotation typical in the Upper Midwest was 10.4 g C kg-1 soil.
“Mean C content for soils under a conventionally managed corn-soybean-wheat rotation, which is typical in the Upper Midwest, was 10.4 g C kg -1 soil”
From Impacts of soil carbon sequestration on life cycle greenhouse gas emissions in Midwestern USA beef finishing systems (2018) · cites this paper as Syswerda et al., 2011
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“Likely this is due to lost soil C on conversion of the field to switchgrass in 2008, although spatial variability makes it difficult to detect SOC change in fewer than 10 years in many soils (Kravchenko and Robertson 2011), including ours (Syswerda et al 2011).”
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- Authors
- Syswerda, S. P., Corbin, A. T., Mokma, D. L., Kravchenko, A. N., & Robertson, G. P.
- Affiliations
- Michigan State University (US)
- Washington State Cooperative Extension Everett WA 98208‐6353
- Corresponding author
- Syswerda, S.P.
- Venue
- Soil Science Society of America Journal
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2011-01
- Volume
- 75
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 92-101
- ISSN
- 0361-5995 (ISSN-L)
- 1435-0661
- OpenAlex
- W2109503707
- Cited by
- 252
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 17.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Soil Science Society of America Journal (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil Management and Crop Yield
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil erosion and sediment transport
- Keywords
- soil carbon sequestration, soil depth, deep soil carbon, agricultural management, no-tillage, organic farming, conventional tillage, corn-soybean-wheat rotation, poplar, successional forest, carbon pools, soil horizons
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