HYPOGLYCEMIC AND HYPOLIPIDEMIC EFFECTS OF SPIRULINA PLATENSIS, PHYCOCYANIN, PHYCOCYANOPEPTIDE AND PHYCOCYANOBILIN ON MALE DIABETIC RATS
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This study aimed to evaluate hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activities of Spirulina Platensis and its bioactive components (phycocyanin (PC), phycocyanopeptide (PCP) and phycocyanobilin (PCB)) on male diabetic Rats compared to controls and glibenclamide drug. For this reason, male Albino rats were equally divided into seven groups designated as normal control, diabetic control, diabetic + glibenclamide (Glyburide) drug (600 µg kg−1 body weight), diabetic + Spirulina biomass suspension (50 mg/ml/ kg−1 body weight), diabetic + phycocyanin (50 mg kg−1 body weight), diabetic + phycocyanopeptide (49 mg kg−1 body weight) and diabetic + phycocyanobilin (982 µg kg−1 body weight). The results show a statistically significant reduction (P < 0.05) level of fasting blood glucose, insulin resistance and lipids levels in diabetic animals administration with Spirulina Platensis, phycocyanin, phycocyanopeptide and phycocyanobilin compared with diabetic control. Also, there were an increase in HDL–cholesterol levels and β-cell function in these treatments. Histopathologically, diabetic rats treated with spirulina, PC, PCP induced a slight improve of pancreatic cells and an obvious recovery of pancreatic cells. The expression of insulin secretion from cells (β-cells) of diabetic rats was improved in the groups treated with Spirulina, phycocyanin, phycocyanopeptide. While, diabetic rats treated with phycocyanobilin recorded insulin levels lower than them. From this study it can be concluded that Spirulina Platensis, phycocyanin, phycocyanopeptide and phycocyanobilin possessed hypoglycemic, insulin sensitivity and hypolipidemic effects. Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of Spirulina Platensis may be attributed to phenolic compounds and phycocyanin. The antidiabetic effect of PC is most likely due to its ability to reduction of insulin resistance, enhance β-cell function and recovery of β-cells. The effect of PC may be attributed to selenium-binding phycocyanopeptide or/ and phycocyanobilin responsible for the antioxidant activity and chromium-binding phycocyanopeptide which activates insulin receptors.
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Studies on Limnospira platensis and Chlorella vulgaris in animal models revealed reductions in total cholesterol, LDL, and triglycerides.
“Studies on Limnospira platensis and Chlorella vulgaris in animal models revealed reductions in total cholesterol, LDL, and triglycerides [103,104].”
From Navigating the potential of algal peptides: health effects, market applications, and scientific challenges (2026) · cites this paper as [103]
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“Several articles have described that phycocyanin possessed antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties (Romay et al 1998; Piñero -Estrada et al 2001; Romay et al 2003; Zhou et al 2005; Samarakoon and Jeon, 2012 and El-Tantawy., 2015).”
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“…data in the present study and several studies indicated the cyanobacterial proteins in spirulina are the molecules of high potency to work as antioxidants by scavenging peroxyl, hydroxyl, peroxynitrite, superoxide radicals, and as inhibitors of lipid peroxidation (Bhat and Madyastha, 2001).”
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“These results are in agreement with Nagaoka et al (2005) who observed that both, S. platensis concentrates or phycocyanin and other pigment extracted from Spirulina were caused hypocholesterolemic activity in rats.”
ResultAdiposity is a major determinant of plasma levels of the novel vasodilator hydrogen sulphide
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“In experimental diabetes model in rats, antioxidant compounds act as scavenger activity diminish insulin resistance and decrease the glucose levels (Palsamy et al 2010).”
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“It contains an open-chain tetrapyrrole chromophore known as phycocyanobilin, which is covalently attached to the apoprotein called (phycocyanopeptide) (Terry et al 1993).”
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FACTORS THAT EFFECT ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF C-PHYCOCYANINS FROM SPIRULINA PLATENSIS
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“In addition, Chen et al (2017) mentioned that phycocyanin possessed antioxidation and anti-inflammatory activities, this mean that phycocyanin play as a scavenger for free radicals to prevent pancreatic harm induced by diabetes.”
BackgroundSpirulina protects against Rosiglitazone induced osteoporosis in insulin resistance rats
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Cleavage of phycocyanobilin from C-phycocyanin.
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“On the other hand, the highest value of serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL)- cholesterol (42.12 mg/dL) was found in animals group given phycocyanopeptide this may be due to selenium binding with peptide as suggested by Yang et al (2014).”
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“These methods included freezing and thawing, sonication, centrifugation, precipitation using ammonium sulfate, dialysis and gel filtration chromatography (Setyaningsiha et al 2015 and Kumar et al 2014).”
MethodManaging diabetes in Asia: Overcoming obstacles and the role of DPP-IV inhibitors
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“Similar observations were noticed by El-Desouki et al (2015), who found that administration of spirulina (2g/kg body weight) for 21 days to diabetic rats caused marked recovery of the pancreatic cells.”
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A review of the mechanism of action of cyanobacteria to control diabetes and blood sugar
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- Authors
- El-Sayed, E.-S., Hikal, M., Abo El- Khair, B., El-Ghobashy, R., & El-Assar, A.
- Affiliations
- Ain Shams University (EG)
- ORCID
- Hikal, M.
- Venue
- Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences
- Published
- 2018-10-01
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 1121-1134
- ISSN
- 1110-2675 (ISSN-L)
- 2636-3585
- OpenAlex
- W2922381792
- Cited by
- 26
- References
- 69
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2
- FWCI
- 0.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-sa
- Locations
- Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Natural Antidiabetic Agents Studies
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Aquatic Science › Seaweed-derived Bioactive Compounds
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Pancreatic function and diabetes
- Keywords
- phycocyanin, phycocyanobilin, hypoglycemic effect, hypolipidemic effect, diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, beta-cell function, insulin secretion, HDL cholesterol, glibenclamide, phenolic compounds, pancreatic histopathology
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